A rare presentation of lower back swelling as tailgut cyst

Retrorectal cystic hamartoma, also known as tailgut cyst, is a rare congenital  developmental lesion arising from postnatal primitive gut remnants in the retrorectal space. The rarity of the lesion and its anatomical position usually leads to difficulty in diagnosis and surgical management. This cyst predominantly occurs in women (female to male ratio, 3:1). Tailgut cysts can present as incidental findings during the routine examination but over half of the patients are thought to present with symptoms. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging has a crucial role in diagnosing these misdiagnosed cysts. Complete surgical excision is the  treatment of choice for tailgut cysts as this provides a definitive diagnosis, relieves symptoms, and prevents possible complications such as infection, fistula formation, and malignant degeneration. We present a case of a 40‑year‑old female, who presented to us with lower back swelling (7 cm × 5 cm) for last 2 years, which had become more prominent to her while sitting. The patient was investigated.  Ultrasonography demonstrated ill‑defined large cystic lesion (8 cm × 7 cm),  posterior to the uterus. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggested sebaceous cyst. A lumbosacral contrast‑enhanced computed tomography demonstrated well‑defined fluid density mass/collection with enhancing walls in the retrorectal, presacral,  precoccygeal area, and suggested tailgut duplication cyst/retrorectal cystic  hamartoma. Surgical complete excision of the cystic mass was done with both  anterior (transabdominal) and posterior approach. Histopathology confirmed a  tailgut cyst.Keywords: Retrorectal cystic hamartoma, retrorectal space, surgical management, tailgut cyst, trans‑abdominal approac

Studies on the synthesis of bis-quaternary ammonium salts of geometrical isomers and its potential as bioregulators

290-298Tertiary amine N,N-dimethyl-2-nitrophenylmethanamine 4 prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde 3 by Leuckart’s reaction and (3-N,N-diethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl) prop-2-en-oate 9 and 3-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl 2-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)acetate 14 prepared through the formation of glycidyl ester have been reacted with  dichlorides of maleic acid and fumaric acid, which in turn have been prepared by reacting these acids with thionyl chloride to get bis-quaternary ammonium salts 1a-c and 2a-c. The synthesized salts 1a-c and 2a-c are tested  on rice (Oryza sativa, PR-114) for their biological activity. All the tested compounds are found to possess good plant growth retardant activity. Compound 2c is found to be the best plant growth retardant among the six newly synthesized compounds