Dynamic Vs Static Term-Expansion using Semantic Resources in Information Retrieval

Information Retrieval in a Telugu language is upcoming area of research. Telugu is one of the recognized Indian languages. We present a novel approach in reformulating item terms at the time of crawling and indexing. The idea is not new, but use of synset and other lexical resources in Indian languages context has limitations due to unavailability of language resources. We prepared a synset for 1,43,001 root words out of 4,83,670 unique words from training corpus of 3500 documents during indexing. Index time document expansion gave improved recall ratio, when compared to base line approach i.e. simple information retrieval without term expansion at both the ends. We studied the effect of query terms expansion at search time using synset and compared with simple information retrieval process without expansion, recall is greatly affected and improved. We further extended this work by expanding terms in two sides and plotted results, which resemble recall growth. Surprisingly all expansions are showing improvement in recall and little fall in precision. We argue that expansion of terms at any level may cause inverse effect on precision. Necessary care is required while expanding documents or queries with help of language resources like Synset, WordNet and other resources

Telugu Text Categorization using Language Models

Document categorization has become an emerging technique in the field of research due to the abundance of documents available in digital form. In this paper we propose language dependent and independent models applicable to categorization of Telugu documents. India is a multilingual country; a provision is made for each of the Indian states to choose their own authorized language for communicating at the state level for legitimate purpose. The availability of constantly increasing amount of textual data of various Indian regional languages in electronic form has accelerated. Hence, the Classification of text documents based on languages is crucial. Telugu is the third most spoken language in India and one of the fifteen most spoken language n the world. It is the official language of the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. A variant of k-nearest neighbors algorithm used for categorization process. The results obtained by the Comparisons of language dependent and independent models

Hysteroscopy in one hundred cases of postmenopausal uterine bleeding, in the detection of uterine cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia

Background: Evaluation was done in 100 women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding, (PMB), to discuss the utility of hysteroscopy combined guided endometrial curettage in the diagnosis of uterine cancer and endometrial hyperplasia, and, treat benign lesions, like polyps, synechiae at the same sitting. At MGMH during the years, 2002 to 2006, there were 57 women, and at care, 40 women with PMB during 2011 to 2013, and three in a nursing home, Hyderabad, were investigated.Methods: Evaluation was done in 100 women presenting with PMB by hysteroscopy and curettage to diagnose the cause of PMB and benign lesions like polyps, synechiae were managed by operative hysteroscopy. Bettocchi 5 mm hysteroscope, monopolar instruments and glycine was used for excision of polyps.Results: In one hundred women with PMB, 19% had cancer. Endometrial adenocarcinoma in 14, endocervical carcinoma in 2, uterine carcinosarcoma in 3 cases. All 3 cases of uterine carcinosarcoma on hysteroscopy were large polyps measuring 5×5-6 cm size. Atypical hyperplasia endometrium in 7% and simple hyperplasia in 17%, was reported on histopathology, in cases with hyperplastic endometrium on hysteroscopy. Benign polyps in 41% were managed at the same sitting by operative hysteroscopy.Conclusions: Women with postmenopausal bleeding must have USG, trans vaginal sonography (TVS), endometrial thickness (ET) measurement, preferably endometrial echo complex (EEC). In women with PMB, the risk of uterine cancer would be 19%, i.e., 1 out of 5 women. Atypical hyperplasia in 7%. Hysteroscopy guided curettage, with histopathology, is the gold standard protocol in cases of PMB

Wild black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera spat: growth and broodstock development

The black lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) is a marine oyster distributed in the South Pacific, Indo-Pacific regions and the Red Sea. Globally, it is one of the three valuable pearl producing oysters in the pearl culture industry, apart from Pinctada fucata and Pinctada maxima. However, in India, the distribution of P. margaritifera is limited to Andamans and Nicobar Islands and occurring very rarely in Gulf of Mannar. (Alagarswami, 1983). Spat of Pinctada margaritifera was collected from the intertidal rocks off the coast of Visakhapatnam 17.7° N–83.3° E, Andhra Pradesh (Bay of Bengal) during low tides. The spat was light green in colour with alternate white and green radial pattern with distinct growth processes. They were acclimatized and reared in 1 t fiberglass tanks in the marine hatchery

Nutrition and feeding aspects in nursery rearing of marine finfishes

Aquaculture gained its importance as fastest growing food production industry in the world. This sector has provided more fish for human consumption than capture fisheries and it is estimated that by 2030, the major source of fish production for human nutrition will be from aquaculture. The awareness about the fish as a part of healthy diet is well accepted by the majority of the population. Fish and fish products are excellent source of high quality protein. In addition to protein, fish contains all essential amino acids, long chain omega-3 fatty acids, all essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, Zinc, Iron, selenium, iodide; vitamins such as Vitamin A, B and D. More over fish proteins are easily digestible with highest digestibility coefficient of 100. Fish protein with only slight difference among groups, possess high nutrition value similar to that of meat proteins and slightly lower than that of egg

Albuminuria and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular Genetic Study (SN-DREAMS, report 12)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The concordance of microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been well reported in persons with type 1 diabetes; however, for type 2 diabetes, there is paucity of data especially from population-based studies. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of albuminuria (micro - and macroalbuminuria) among persons with type 2 diabetes and determine its role as a risk factor for presence and severity of DR.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A population-based cross sectional study was conducted in cohort of 1414 subjects with type 2 diabetes from Chennai metropolis. All the subjects underwent comprehensive eye examination including 45 degrees four-field stereoscopic digital photography. DR was clinically graded using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scales. A morning urine sample was tested for albuminuria. Subjects were considered to have microalbuminuria, if the urinary albumin excretion was between 30 and 300 mg/24 hours, and macroalbuminuria at more than 300 mg/24 hours. The statistical software used was SPSS for Windows, Chicago, IL. Student t-test for comparing continuous variables, and <it>χ</it>²test, to compare proportions amongst groups were used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of microalbuminuria in the study subjects was 15.9% (226/1414), and that of macroalbuminuria, 2.7% (38/1414). Individuals with macroalbuminuria in comparison to micro- or normoalbuminuria showed a greater prevalence of DR (60.5% vs. 31.0% vs. 14.1%, p < 0.001), and also a greater severity of the disease (60.9% vs. 21.4 vs. 9.9, p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Every 6^thindividual in the population of type 2 diabetes is likely to have albuminuria. Subjects with microalbuminuria were around 2 times as likely to have DR as those without microalbuminuria, and this risk became almost 6 times in the presence of macroalbuminuria.</p

Rearing of hatchlings of Uroteuthis sp. and Sepia sp.

Egg capsules of Uroteuthis sp. obtained from sea off Visakhapatnam were maintained in 1 t black FRP tank in 35 psu provided with gentle aeration. The egg mass consisted of two strings of viable egg capsules. The total number of capsules in the strings was 1288. Strings were suspended in the tank to be submerged in the water. The string might be of different batches of egg laying or laid by different females. The capsules were observed to be viable with embryos moving inside the capsules. Water level was maintained at 70 percent of the tank providing a gap from above. They were maintained in black tanks with mild light regime covering half portion of the tank with black cloth