Strategic Channel Design

When choosing distribution channels, companies need to rely on design principles that are aligned with their overall competitive strategy. Accelerating technological change, heightened marketplace demands, more aggressive global competition, and shifts in the workforce and population demographics are affecting distribution channels, forcing companies to reconsider fundamental assumptions about how they reach their markets. The magnitude of change demands a strategic perspective that views channel decisions as choices from a continually changing array of alternatives for achieving market coverage and competitive advantage — subject, of course, to the constraints of cost, investment, and flexibility. Tactical responses, based on maintaining power balances, managing conflicts, and minimizing transaction costs to pursue greater efficiency, will not suffice

Ayurveda and Epilepsy

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The Duchet conjecture

In this paper, we investigate a conjecture of Duchet that r(G)≤η(G)+1, where r(G) is the Radon number and η(G) is the Hadwiger number of a graph G. In this paper, we give a class of counter examples for which rg(G)=η(G)+2, where rg(G) is the Radon number for the g-convexity structure. On the positive side, we prove the conjecture for some special classes of graphs like cycles and chordal graphs

A typical reconstruction limit of compressed sensing based on Lp-norm minimization

We consider the problem of reconstructing an $N$-dimensional continuous vector \bx from $P$ constraints which are generated by its linear transformation under the assumption that the number of non-zero elements of \bx is typically limited to $\rho N$ ($0\le \rho \le 1$). Problems of this type can be solved by minimizing a cost function with respect to the $L_p$-norm ||\bx||_p=\lim_{\epsilon \to +0}\sum_{i=1}^N |x_i|^{p+\epsilon}, subject to the constraints under an appropriate condition. For several $p$, we assess a typical case limit $\alpha_c(\rho)$, which represents a critical relation between $\alpha=P/N$ and $\rho$ for successfully reconstructing the original vector by minimization for typical situations in the limit $N,P \to \infty$ with keeping $\alpha$ finite, utilizing the replica method. For $p=1$, $\alpha_c(\rho)$ is considerably smaller than its worst case counterpart, which has been rigorously derived by existing literature of information theory.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Siganus Lineatus around Kareko waters, Lembeh Strait

AbstractThis study aims to determine the relationship between length and weight and condition factors of Siganus lineatus around Kareko waters, Lembeh Strait. Sampling was carried out in March 2021 from fishermen's catch using net fishing gear. There were 31 individuals collected with a length range of 169.95-345.69 mm and a weight range of 94-939 grams. The relationship between length and weight of male (b= 0.3018), female (b= 0.3631) and total (b= 0.3287) showed a negative allometric growth pattern. Mean condition factors of the male, female and total were 0.106, 0.075, and 0.091, indicating that rabbitfish are in poor condition.Keywords: rabbitfish; allometric; fishermen.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang berat dan faktor kondisi Siganus lineatus di perairan sekitar Kelurahan Kareko, Selat Lembeh. Pengambilan sampel sepanjang bulan Maret 2021 dari  hasil tangkapan nelayan yang menggunakan alat tangkap jaring. Jumlah ikan yang terkumpul sebanyak 31 individu dengan kisaran panjang 169,95-345,69 mm dan berat 94-939 gram. Hubungan panjang berat ikan beronang jantan (b= 0,3018), betina (b= 0,3631) dan total (b= 0,3287) menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan alometrik negatif. Faktor kondisi rata-rata ikan beronang jantan, betina dan total yaitu 0,106, 0,075 dan 0,091, hal ini menunjukkan ikan beronang dalam kondisi kurang baik karena memiliki nilai kurang dari satu.Kata kunci : ikan beronang; alometrik; nelayan

Length-Weight Relationship and Gonad Maturity of Marble sleeper Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852) in Tondano Lake North Sulawesi

The purpose of this study was to determine the length-weight relationship and gonad maturity of Betutu fish (Oxyeleotris marmorata) in Lake Tondano. Fish samples were caught using gill nets and lift nets in Lake Tondano. Total catches of 240 individuals. The legth-weight relation of male fish is W = 0.0094 L3.14 positive allometric growth pattern. Female female fish obtained W = 0.0104 L3.11 positive allometric growth patterns. The condition factor for male fish is 1.46 male and 1.47 female respectively. All levels of gonad maturity (I, II, III, IV and V) were found in each sample both in August and September. The size of the first mature male male fish is 219 ± 3 mm (range in size 216-222 mm) and female fish 171 ± 3 (range in size 169-174 mm).Keywords: Length-Weight, gonad maturity, Tondano Lake ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang-berat dan kematangan gonad ikan Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata) yang ada di danau Tondano. Sampel ikan  ditangkap menggunakan jaring insang dan jaring angkat di danau Tondano. Total hasil tangkapan  240 individu. Hubungan panjang-berat ikan betutu jantan yaitu W = 0,0094L3,1394 pola pertumbuhan allometrik positif. Ikan betutu betina didapatkan W = 0,0104L3,1137 pola pertumbuhan allometrik positif. Faktor kondisi ikan betutu jantan masing-masing sebesar  1,46 ikan jantan dan  1,47 ikan betina. Seluruh tingkat  kematangan gonad (I, II, III, IV dan V) ditemukan pada setiap sampel baik pada bulan agustus maupun bulan September.  Ukuran pertama kali matang ikan betutu jantan yaitu   219 ±3 mm (kisaran ukuran 216-222 mm) dan ikan betina  171±3  (kisaran ukuran 169-174 mm)Kata Kunci: Panjang-berat, kematangan gonad, Danau Tondan

Community Structure of Gastropod in Seagrass Beds of Waleo Beach Waters, North Minahasa Regency

This study aims to determine the type of Gastropod and the community structure including Species Density, Relative Density, Diversity (H’), and Dominance (C). Based on observation, there is 124 individuals included in 11 species (7 genera) from 7 families (3 orders) obtained. The highest density value is 5,87 Ind/m2 by Euplica borealis, and has 35,48% of relative density. For the diversity, an index is H’ = 1,62 obtained, which is classified as low. This shows that seagrass beds in Waleo beach waters, North Minahasa Regency, there are several species obtained with abundant numbers of individuals compared to the other species, so the diversity index obtained relatively low. As for the range of dominance index is C = 0,36 to 0,44. The lowest value is in the transect number 1 while the highest in the transect number 2. This value shows that seagrass beds in Waleo beach waters, North Minahasa Regency there are no specific species that dominate in the community. Waleo beach waters, North Minahasa Regency has a temperature of about 29,3 °C illustrating the condition of the water temperature is relatively good for Gastropods' life. The salinity is 30 ‰ obtained, which is relatively good for Gastropod growth. pH obtained about 7 which is still relatively good for gastropods life.Keywords: Gastropod, Community Structure, Waleo.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis Gastropoda serta mengetahui struktur komunitas termasuk: Kepadatan Spesies, Kepadatan Relatif, Keanekaragaman (H’), dan Dominansi (C). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diperoleh 124 individu yang termasuk dalam 11 spesies (7 genera) dari 7 famili (3 ordo). Nilai kepadatan tertinggi sebesar 5,87 Ind/m2 oleh spesies Euplica borealis, dan memiliki kepadatan relatif sebesar 35,48 %. Untuk indeks keanekaragaman diperoleh sebesar H’ = 1,62 yang tergolong rendah. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa daerah padang lamun perairan pantai Waleo, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara terdapat beberapa spesies yang diperoleh dengan jumlah individu yang melimpah dibandingkan jenis lainnya, sehingga indeks keanekaragaman yang diperoleh tergolong relatif rendah. Adapun untuk kisaran indeks dominansi yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar C = 0,36 sampai dengan 0,44. Nilai terrendah terdapat pada transek 1 sedangkan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada transek 2. Nilai tersebut menunjukan bahwa di padang lamun perairan Pantai Waleo, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara tidak terdapat jenis atau spesies tertentu yang mendominasi dalam komunitas tersebut. Wilayah perairan pantai Waleo, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara memiliki suhu 29,3 °C, menggambarkan bahwa kondisi suhu perairan tergolong baik untuk kehidupan Gastropoda. Salintas yang diperoleh sebesar 30 0/00, yang masih dalam kisaran baik untuk pertumbuhan Gastropoda. Derajat keasaman (pH) yang diperoleh yaitu 7 yang masih tergolong baik untuk kehidupan Gastropoda.Kata Kunci : Gastropoda, Struktur Komunitas, Waleo

Types and Size Distribution of Parrotfish (Family Scaridae) Caught with Gillnets in the Waters off Taduna Village, Kabaruan Island.

The objective of this research is to identify the types and size distribution of parrotfish in the waters of Taduna Village. The research was conducted using sampling methods. Samples were collected over a period of two months from the catches landed in Taduna Village by local fishermen. The fishermen used gillnets for their catches. The length of each fish was measured from the tip of the mouth to the end of the tail using a millimeter-scale ruler with a precision of 0.1 cm. The weight of the fish was measured using a digital scale with a resolution of one gram. The length of each species was analyzed using frequency distribution and presented in length and weight histograms. Based on the data obtained from the measurements of Family Scaridae fish, a total of 53 individuals were collected, consisting of 8 species: Chorurus bleekeri (11 individuals), Calotomus carolinus (4 individuals), Chorurus japanensis (6 individuals), Chlorurus microrhinos (2 individuals), Scarus frenatus (16 individuals), Scarus russell (4 individuals), Scarus spinus (5 individuals), and Scarus tricolor (5 individuals). The distribution of Family Scaridae fish in the waters off Taduna Village shows varying lengths and weights for each species. For example, Chorurus bleekeri ranged from 18.9 to 26.5 cm in length and weighed between 150 and 394 grams, Chorurus japanensis had a length distribution between 17.5 and 27.4 cm and weighed from 119 to 465 grams, and Scarus frenatus ranged from 18.3 to 24.5 cm in length and weighed between 117 and 308 grams." Keywords: Parrotfish, Scaridae, Types, Size, Kabaruan. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis dan distribusi ukuran ikan kakatua di perairan Desa Taduna. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dalam waktu dua bulan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang didaratkan di Desa Taduna. Alat yang digunakan nelayan adalah jaring insang mono filamen.  Seluruh panjang ikan diukur dari ujung mulut hingga ujung ekor dengan penggaris skala milimeter dengan ketelitian 0,1 cm. Berat ikan diukur dengan timbangan digital dengan resolusi satu gram. Panjang setiap spesies dianalisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan ditampilkan dalam histogram panjang dan berat. Berdasarkan data hasil pengukuran ikan Famili Scaridae diperoleh sebanyak 53 individu yang terdiri dari 8 spesies yaitu Chorurus bleekeri (11 individu), Calotomus carolinus (4 individu), Chorurus japanensis (6 individu), Chlorurus microrhinos (2 individu), Scarus frenatus (16 individu), Scarus russellii (4 individu), Scarus spinus (5 individu) dan Scarus tricolor (5 individu). Distribusi ikan Famili Scaridae di perairan depan Desa Taduna memiliki ukuran panjang  dan berat yang bervariasi yaitu spesies Chorurus bleekeri berkisar 18,9-26,5 cm dan berat 150-394 gram, Chorurus japanensis memiliki distribusi ukuran panjang berkisar 17,5-27,4 cm dan berat 119-465 gram dan Scarus frenatus memiliki distribusi ukuran panjang berkisar 18,3-24,5 cm dan berat 117-308 gram. Kata kunci : Ikan kakatua, Scaridae, Jenis, Ukuran, Kabarua

Optimal control theory for unitary transformations

The dynamics of a quantum system driven by an external field is well described by a unitary transformation generated by a time dependent Hamiltonian. The inverse problem of finding the field that generates a specific unitary transformation is the subject of study. The unitary transformation which can represent an algorithm in a quantum computation is imposed on a subset of quantum states embedded in a larger Hilbert space. Optimal control theory (OCT) is used to solve the inversion problem irrespective of the initial input state. A unified formalism, based on the Krotov method is developed leading to a new scheme. The schemes are compared for the inversion of a two-qubit Fourier transform using as registers the vibrational levels of the $X^1\Sigma^+_g$ electronic state of Na$_2$. Raman-like transitions through the $A^1\Sigma^+_u$ electronic state induce the transitions. Light fields are found that are able to implement the Fourier transform within a picosecond time scale. Such fields can be obtained by pulse-shaping techniques of a femtosecond pulse. Out of the schemes studied the square modulus scheme converges fastest. A study of the implementation of the $Q$ qubit Fourier transform in the Na$_2$ molecule was carried out for up to 5 qubits. The classical computation effort required to obtain the algorithm with a given fidelity is estimated to scale exponentially with the number of levels. The observed moderate scaling of the pulse intensity with the number of qubits in the transformation is rationalized.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figure

An investigation of the mechanisms for strength gain or loss of geopolymer mortar after exposure to elevated temperature

When fly ash-based geopolymer mortars were exposed to a temperature of 800 °C, it was found that the strength after the exposure sometimes decreased, but at other times increased. This paper shows that ductility of the mortars has a major correlation to this strength gain/loss behaviour. Specimens prepared with two different fly ashes, with strengths ranging from 5 to 60 MPa, were investigated. Results indicate that the strength losses decrease with increasing ductility, with even strength gains at high levels of ductility. This correlation is attributed to the fact that mortars with high ductility have high capacity to accommodate thermal incompatibilities. It is believed that the two opposing processes occur in mortars: (1) further geopolymerisation and/or sintering at elevated temperatures leading to strength gain; (2) the damage to the mortar because of thermal incompatibility arising from non-uniform temperature distribution. The strength gain or loss occurs depending on the dominant process