The impact of technological innovation on marketing: individuals, organizations and environment: a systematic review

Marketing is the cornerstone of an organization as it is vital to both strategic planning and business operations. An organization’s longrun success depends on its ability to create value for its customers, and marketing plays a crucial role in achieving this goal. This review paper attempts to broaden the body of knowledge concerning the impact of technological innovation on the marketing sector by presenting a systematic review along with a set of paths for future research. A total of 93 articles from 716 articles were systematically selected from different academic journals between 1999 and 2019. The articles were reviewed and summarized according to the individual, organizational, and environmental impact of technological innovation on the marketing sector. The study elaborates on different applications of advanced technologies and their impact on the marketing sector. This will help in conceptualizing the impact of technological innovation on the marketing sector in future studie

Stretchable and highly conductive carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid yarns for wearable systems

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as potential candidates for replacement of conventional metals due to their significant mechanical, electrical, thermal properties and non-oxidizing abilities [1, 2]. The density of CNT composites is about five times lower than copper and around half that of aluminium. Moreover, their thermal conductivity is about ten times that of copper. With the above mentioned distinguishing features, CNTs have been of interest in medical, electronics and antenna applications [3]. CNTs are drawn into yarns by pulling and twisting them from CNT forests. Previously we have presented microwave characterization of CNT yarns [4]. Our results have shown that the CNT yarns exhibits frequency independent resistive behavior and is beneficial for wideband applications such as ultra-wideband (UWB) and wireless body area networks [4]. Electrical conductivity of a CNT yarn depends on the properties, loading and aspect ratio of the CNTs. It also depends upon the twist angle and the characteristics of the conductive network. By doping or adding materials, such as gold, silver or NiCr, electrical conductivity of CNTs can by varied. In [5], highly conductive carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid yarns are reported. They are obtained by drawing vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into long MWCNT sheets. Then graphene flakes are deposited onto the MWCNT sheet to form a composite hybrid structure that is transformed into yarns by twisting. The electrical conductivity of these composite MWCNT-graphene hybrid yarns is over 900 S/cm. In this work, we have modeled this hybrid material as a potential data transmission line and compared it with a transmission line made out of copper on the same substrate. The results are tabulated in Table-I. They show a good agreement between copper based and composite MWCNT-graphene hybrid material based transmission lines. The hybrid material is high conductive, flexible and stretchable. This makes it suitable to use as transmission lines and connecting wires in systems that require stretching and flexibility, such as wearable systems

Phenytoin induced drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome: a case report

DRESS syndrome (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is a severe adverse drug reaction characterised by rash, fever, lymphadenopathy and internal organ involvement. Although the death rate can reach 10%, rapid diagnosis and prompt withdrawal of the offending drug is the key to limit morbidity and mortality. The potential role of corticosteroids remains controversial. We report a case of a 45-year-old male patient who suffered a head injury, for which he was prescribed phenytoin. Five weeks later he developed features of DRESS syndrome including facial and peri-orbital oedema, generalized erythematous, maculo-papular rash, conjunctivitis, inguinal lymphadenopathy, leucocytosis, eosinophilia and elevated liver enzymes. Skin biopsy revealed acanthosis and spongiosis of epidermis and dense inflammatory cell infiltrate comprising eosinophils and lymphocytes. In this case, causalty assessment using Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale showed that phenytoin was a probable cause for the adverse drug reaction (score-7). Phenytoin was immediately stopped and patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids. The patient improved dramatically within the next few days. Early recognition of symptoms of DRESS and immediate withdrawal of the offending drug followed by prompt treatment with corticosteroids and other supportive measures will ensure quick recovery and will avoid fatal outcomes

Stub-loaded printed antenna with a ground plane and electromagnetically coupled feed for 2.45GHz body area networks

This paper presents a stub-loaded printed antenna with a full ground plane and electromagnetically coupled feed for body area network devices operating in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.45 GHz. Performance and characteristics are presented along with parametric analyses. Antenna performance is investigated under bending to check its suitability for conformal body centric wireless communication devices. The electromagnetically-coupled feed is tuned to fill a null in the radiation pattern and to achieve impedance matching, which is further fine tuned by stub loading. The proposed antenna exhibits a wide radiation pattern along the body surface to provide maximum coverage and its narrow physical width (14mm) makes it suitable for on-body applications.3 page(s

Sensitivity of a wearable printed antenna with a full ground plane in close proximity to human arm

This paper presents sensitivity analysis of a printed antenna with a full ground plane, suitable for wearable armbands and other such body area network devices operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.45 GHz). Antenna input impedance and radiation characteristics are presented along with the parametric analyses. Antenna performance is investigated in free space and in close proximity to various human arm models (i.e. flat, rectangular and elliptical). The full ground plane makes the antenna highly insensitive to the gap between the antenna and the arm in addition to reducing electromagnetic radiation absorption in the arm. Small width (14mm) of the antenna makes it feasible to position along the length of a human arm without bending, which causes shift in resonant frequency.4 page(s

Reconfigurable antenna options for 2.45/5 GHz wireless body area networks in healthcare applications

This paper presents electronically reconfigurable antenna options in healthcare applications. They are suitable for wireless body area network devices operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.45 GHz and IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band at 5 GHz (5.15-5.35 GHz, 5.25-5.35 GHz). Two types of antennas are investigated: Antenna-I has a full ground plane and Antenna-II has a partial ground plane. The proposed antennas provide ISM operation in one mode while in another mode they support 5 GHz WLAN band. Their performance is assessed for body centric wireless communication using a simplified human body model. Antenna sensitivity to the gap between the antenna and the human body is investigated for both modes of each antenna. The proposed antennas exhibit a wide radiation pattern along the body surface to provide wide coverage and their small width (14mm) makes them suitable for on-body communication in healthcare applications.4 page(s

A Printed dual band antenna with a ground plane and electromagnetically-coupled feed for wireless body area networks

This paper presents a printed dual band antenna with a full ground plane and electromagnetically coupled feed for body area network devices operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.45 GHz and 4.9GHz public safety Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) band (4.94-4.99GHz). Performance along with parametric analyses are presented. Investigations have been carried out to assess its performance for body centric wireless communication. The electromagnetically-coupled feed is tuned to fill a null in the radiation pattern and to achieve impedance matching. The proposed antenna exhibits a wide radiation pattern along the body surface to provide maximum coverage and its narrow width (14mm) makes it suitable for on-body applications.3 page(s

An Armband-wearable printed antenna with a full ground plane for body area networks

This paper presents a printed antenna with a full ground plane, suitable for wearable armbands and other such body area network devices operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.45 GHz). Performance and characteristics are presented along with parametric analyses. Antenna performance is investigated under conformal bending over human arm to assess its suitability for armband-type body centric wireless communication devices. The full ground plane makes the antenna performance highly insensitive to the gap between the antenna and the arm. It also reduces electromagnetic radiation absorption in the arm. The proposed antenna exhibits a wide radiation pattern along the body surface to provide better coverage and its narrow width (14mm) makes it suitable for wearable on-body applications.2 page(s

A Switchable printed antenna with a ground plane for 2.45/5 GHz wireless body area networks

This paper presents a switchable printed antenna with a full ground plane for wireless body area network devices operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.45 GHz and 5 GHz IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) (5.15-5.35 GHz, 5.25-5.35 GHz). The operating bands can be switched between 2.45 GHz and 5 GHz by turning the switches ON/OFF. Investigations have been carried out in near body scenario to assess its performance for body centric wireless communication. The proposed antenna exhibits a wide radiation pattern along the body surface to provide wide coverage and its narrow width (14mm) makes it suitable for on-body applications.3 page(s