Estimating the General Equilibrium Benefits of Large Policy Changes: The Clean Air Act Revisited

This paper reports the first comprehensive approach for measuring the general equilibrium willingness to pay for large changes in air quality. It is based on a well defined locational equilibrium model. The approach allows estimation of households' indirect utility function and the underlying distribution of household types. With these estimates it is possible to compute a new locational equilibrium and the resulting housing prices in response to exogenous changes in air quality. This permits construction of welfare measures which properly take into consideration the adjustments of households in equilibrium to non-marginal changes in air quality. These types of measures are outside the scope of more traditional approaches. The empirical approach of this paper provides, for the first time, an internally consistent framework for estimation and applied general equilibrium welfare analysis. We compute the general equilibrium willingness to pay for the changes in air quality between 1990 and 1995. We implement our empirical framework using data from Southern California, an area which has experienced dramatic improvements in air quality during the past 20 years. Our findings are by and large supportive for our approach and suggest that accounting for general equilibrium effects in applied welfare can be especially important.

Measuring the Impact of Air Quality on Housing Markets and Residential Choices in Southern California

No abstract.

Prospectus, October 29, 1980

BENET\u27S STORIES OF AMERICA OPENS TODAY; Parkland offeres classes at Arcola H.S.; Letters to the editor: Student claims Schumacher one-sided ; Jazz Combo to perform; Development Program sponsors workshop; Retired trick-or-treaters still have spirit; \u27Benet\u27s Stories of America\u27 comes to Parkland Oct. 29--tickets available; Get to your class on time- get the wake-up service; In concert Friday night: Tull: the Eddie, Ian Show; A night with Ronstadt; Springsteen\u27s latest is called The River ; Artists present program; Beatlemania hits Champagin/Urbana; Students of the world unite at Parkland\u27s International Students Day; Allergy specialist gives speech; Ag Club sponsors pig roast Nov. 2; Classifieds; Science You Can See: Astronomy -- world\u27s oldest science??; Cobras rounding into tourney form; Elam qualifies for national championship: Cobra harriers finish strong; IM football championship tomorrow; Key weekend for contenders; Fast Freddy Contest; B-Ball opener in the afternoon; Freddy\u27s percentage at .638https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1015/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, March 5, 1980

ISSUES BREWING IN MAYOR\u27S OFFICE; Courts swinging to harshness; McJilton has high outlook for Rantoul; Dressage Seminar at PC Saturday; Week in Review: World, Nation, State, Local; Defensive driving workshop; Growth and development of children to be discussed at first meeting of PACT; PC classes for older adults; Women\u27s History; CPA to discuss tax returns; Women\u27s program offers workshops; Climbing high: an obsession; New organization gets parents and kids together; Dance Marathon at U. of I.; EMTs get refresher course; Dates to live by; Student tells of her adventures in Mexico; Spring Game Tourneys for all Parkland students; Karate; Classifieds; Parkland Basketball; Cobras capture Region crown; Bench Warmer: Bench is a learning lesson : Kaminke; Parkland ends on a down note; Illini, Loyola in NIT tonight; Swags win, We lose, Tourney beginshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1035/thumbnail.jp

The very large G-protein coupled receptor VLGR1: a component of the ankle link complex required for the normal development of auditory hair bundles

Sensory hair bundles in the inner ear are composed of stereocilia that can be interconnected by a variety of different link types, including tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors, and ankle links. The ankle link antigen is an epitope specifically associated with ankle links and the calycal processes of photoreceptors in chicks. Mass spectrometry and immunoblotting were used to identify this antigen as the avian ortholog of the very large G-protein-coupled receptor VLGR1, the product of the Usher syndrome USH2C (Mass1) locus. Like ankle links, Vlgr1 is expressed transiently around the base of developing hair bundles in mice. Ankle links fail to form in the cochleae of mice carrying a targeted mutation in Vlgr1 (Vlgr1/del7TM), and the bundles become disorganized just after birth. FM1-43 [N-(3-triethylammonium)propyl)-4-(4-(dibutylamino)styryl) pyridinium dibromide] dye loading and whole-cell recordings indicate mechanotransduction is impaired in cochlear, but not vestibular, hair cells of early postnatal Vlgr1/del7TM mutant mice. Auditory brainstem recordings and distortion product measurements indicate that these mice are severely deaf by the third week of life. Hair cells from the basal half of the cochlea are lost in 2-month-old Vlgr1/del7TM mice, and retinal function is mildly abnormal in aged mutants. Our results indicate that Vlgr1 is required for formation of the ankle link complex and the normal development of cochlear hair bundles

Prospectus, December 10, 1980

HAPPY HOLIDAYS FROM PARKLAND COLLEGE; Pres. Staerkel sends greetings; Letters to the editor: Copy-editor raises questions, Volleyball coach resigns; Author of \u27Paper Lion,\u27 Plimpton lives nightmare; Construction of art gallery, remodeling planned at Parkland during new year; Star Wars, Digital Derby reflect technology in toys; Cobra men and women busy during holidays; Classifieds; Special Ed courses at Parkland next semester; Merry Christmas from the Prospectus; Sanders beats wife with poker, but life--and the soaps--go on; U of I holiday T.V., radio special to be on WCIA, WICD, and Cable; Concert Choir presents Gloria; Stroke Club to celebrate Dec. 13; Feature editor ready to \u27blow this thing\u27: Finals, deadlines just don\u27t mix with holiday cheer; Doomsday Schedule Fall, 1980; 50¢ charge for check cashing; REO\u27s \u27Hi Infidelity\u27 keeps pushin\u27 on; PC Community Band to give second concert; Three new courses offered in Spring \u2781; Christmas time...It makes you feel like a kid again: Merry Christmas!; Memories of 1980 fall semester; Prospectus Christmas Hide-A-Word; Christmas Personals; PC holiday certificate- perfect for anyone; Christmas magic seems special to parents of young children; PSI club to raffle radio; PC to offer Year-End Tax Planning Workshop; Science You Can See: The Christmas Star: A misinterpretation?; Looks, intelligence, money matter most (?); Get in the Holiday Spirit with mouth-watering aromas; Cobras beat Belleville; PC men whip John Logan: Offense comes alive; Patience pays off as Cobras beat Richland; Women\u27s Basketball 1980-81; Men\u27s Basketball 1980-81; National champ remains undecided; Balanced scoring paces Cobras; Defense, Defense, Defense....; Ingrum scores 31 to pace the Cobras: Cobras end Vols win streak at 20 games; Tom Smith is this week\u27s winner: After good start, Freddy hits major slump; Fast Freddy Contest; Bench Warmer: Cobra women even better than last yearhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1010/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, November 6, 1980

RONALD REAGAN WINS IN LANDSLIDE; Senate sees transition; Incumbents prevail in local elections; Letters to the editors: PC\u27s blackboards aren\u27t black, Pig beats Choir at annual IOC Pumpkin Contest; Come One, Come All; Blood drive successful, donator\u27s names listed; STUGO tells ORGII winners; Did You Know That...?; \u27The Moonies\u27: Manning tells all; Students prepare INTERCOM; Speech team opens season impressively; Concerts-entertaining, but pocket-picking; Science You Can See: Astronomy--world\u27s oldest science??; Versatility is key to small radio operation; Tennis courts dedicated; You can win $500 in Art Competition; PC Datebook; Chautaqua programs offered at Parkland; Laura Wetzel discusses domestic violence--Nov. 12; \u27Scary Monster\u27 -- one of Bowie\u27s best; What would you do if C-U faced a nuclear attack? See \u27The War Game.\u27; PC sponsors workshop on drug abuse at the Innsbruck Lodge; Intramural Standings; Forum on arthritic hands offered; Drug abuse workshop; Classifieds; Cobras win sectional tourney: State tournament this weekend; Swags vs. Naturals in finals; \u27Skins, Bears having problems; Shawn Lafferty wins second time; Fast Freddy Contest; Men\u27s 30 and over league begins Dec. 9https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1014/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, September 17, 1980

CATCHY SLOGAN BRINGS OUT RECORD NUMBER OF VOTES; Parkland People; Parkland English teacher speaks to PCF\u27ers on Self-Image ; Head of Placement Counseling will help employment seekers; PACT offers program; Blood drive to be at PC; Attention Accounting students; Classifieds; PC Datebook; Record number of voters turn out to elect new Student Senators; Letters to the editor: Student disappointed; Long distance marriage works-- Susan Kelley sets an example; Women\u27s Program offers self-series; Jackson Browne performance: unforgettable; Molly Hatchet\u27s cuts are consistently impressive and original; Bowen: Radio won\u27t roll over and die; Two kinds of clouds cause false tornado reports; Team shirts or fan shirts-- T-shirts make us all more human; P.C. Women\u27s Program offers workshops; Sign up for insurance this week; PACT offers program; Science You Can See: Cosmos Is Coming!!; Parkland College Cross Country Schedule 1980; 100 cash awards offered young people; Local members attend convention; Golf team disappointing in PC Invitational; Fast Freddy won\u27t contend Jimmy The Greek this week; Volleyball team opens season; Fast Freddy Contest; Bench Warmer: Faculty out to upset softball teamhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1021/thumbnail.jp

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase: A new marker for free oxygen radical injury to the endothelial cell

The effect of ischemia and reperfusion on purine nucleoside phosphorylase was studied in an isolated perfused rat liver model. This enzyme is localized primarily in the cytoplasm of the endothelial and Kupffer cells; some activity is associated with the parenchymal cells. Levels of this enzyme accurately predicted the extent of ischemia and reperfusion damage to the microvascular endothelial cell of the liver. Livers from Lewis rats were subjected to 30, 45 and 60 min of warm (37° C) no flow ischemia that was followed by a standard reperfusion period lasting 45 min. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase was measured at the end of the no flow ischemia and reperfusion periods as was superoxide generation (O2‐). Bile production was monitored throughout the no flow ischemia and reperfusion periods. Control perfusions were carried out for 120 min. A significant rise in purine nucleoside phosphorylase levels as compared with controls was observed at the end of ischemia in all the three groups. The highest level, 203.5 ± 29.2 mU/ml, was observed after 60 min of ischemia. After the reperfusion period, levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase decreased in the 30‐ and 45‐min groups 58.17 ± 9.66 mU/ml and 67.5 ± 17.1 mU/ml, respectively. These levels were equal to control perfusions. In contrast, after 60 min of ischemia, levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase decreased early in the reperfusion period and then rose to 127.8 ± 14.8 mU/ml by the end of reperfusion (p < 0.0001). Superoxide generation at the beginning of reperfusion was higher than in controls with similar values observed at the end of 30, 45 and 60 min of ischemia. During reperfusion, production of superoxide continued. Bile production was significantly lower at the end of 30 min (0.044 ± 0.026 μl/min/gm), 45 min (0.029 ± 0.0022 μ/min/gm) and 60 min of ischemia (0.022 ± 0.008 μ/min/gm) when compared with bile production by control livers during the corresponding time (0.680 ± 0.195, 0.562 ± 0.133 and 0.480 ± 0.100 μ/min/gm respectively; p < 0.001). During reperfusion, rates of bile production were normal after 30 and 45 min of ischemia. In contrast, significantly lower rates of bile production, 0.046 ± 0.36 μ/min/gm (p < 0.001) occurred during reperfusion after 60 min of ischemia. Control livers during the same period produced 0.330 ± 0.056 μl/min/gm of bile. The results indicate that purine nucleoside phosphorylase levels may be a good index of oxidative injury to the liver in ischemia reperfusion and reliably predict the functional state of the organ after reperfusion. Copyright © 1990 American Association for the Study of Liver Disease