927 research outputs found
The Waggle Dance as an Intended Flight: A Cognitive Perspective
The notion of the waggle dance simulating a flight towards a goal in a walking pattern has been proposed in the context of evolutionary considerations. Behavioral components, like its arousing effect on the social community, the attention of hive mates induced by this behavior, the direction of the waggle run relative to the sun azimuth or to gravity, as well as the number of waggles per run, have been tentatively related to peculiar behavioral patterns in both solitary and social insect species and are thought to reflect phylogenetic pre-adaptations. Here, I ask whether these thoughts can be substantiated from a functional perspective. Communication in the waggle dance is a group phenomenon involving the dancer and the followers that perform partially overlapping movements encoding and decoding the message respectively. It is thus assumed that the dancer and follower perform close cognitive processes. This provides us with access to these cognitive processes during dance communication because the follower can be tested in its flight performance when it becomes a recruit. I argue that the dance message and the landscape experience are processed in the same navigational memory, allowing the bee to fly novel direct routes, a property understood as an indication of a cognitive map
Multi-level algorithms for modularity clustering
Modularity is one of the most widely used quality measures for graph
clusterings. Maximizing modularity is NP-hard, and the runtime of exact
algorithms is prohibitive for large graphs. A simple and effective class of
heuristics coarsens the graph by iteratively merging clusters (starting from
singletons), and optionally refines the resulting clustering by iteratively
moving individual vertices between clusters. Several heuristics of this type
have been proposed in the literature, but little is known about their relative
performance.
This paper experimentally compares existing and new coarsening- and
refinement-based heuristics with respect to their effectiveness (achieved
modularity) and efficiency (runtime). Concerning coarsening, it turns out that
the most widely used criterion for merging clusters (modularity increase) is
outperformed by other simple criteria, and that a recent algorithm by Schuetz
and Caflisch is no improvement over simple greedy coarsening for these
criteria. Concerning refinement, a new multi-level algorithm is shown to
produce significantly better clusterings than conventional single-level
algorithms. A comparison with published benchmark results and algorithm
implementations shows that combinations of coarsening and multi-level
refinement are competitive with the best algorithms in the literature.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, see
http://www.informatik.tu-cottbus.de/~rrotta/ for downloading the graph
clustering softwar
Constrained correlation functions from the Millennium Simulation
Context. In previous work, we developed a quasi-Gaussian approximation for
the likelihood of correlation functions, which, in contrast to the usual
Gaussian approach, incorporates fundamental mathematical constraints on
correlation functions. The analytical computation of these constraints is only
feasible in the case of correlation functions of one-dimensional random fields.
Aims. In this work, we aim to obtain corresponding constraints in the case of
higher-dimensional random fields and test them in a more realistic context.
Methods. We develop numerical methods to compute the constraints on
correlation functions which are also applicable for two- and three-dimensional
fields. In order to test the accuracy of the numerically obtained constraints,
we compare them to the analytical results for the one-dimensional case.
Finally, we compute correlation functions from the halo catalog of the
Millennium Simulation, check whether they obey the constraints, and examine the
performance of the transformation used in the construction of the
quasi-Gaussian likelihood.
Results. We find that our numerical methods of computing the constraints are
robust and that the correlation functions measured from the Millennium
Simulation obey them. Despite the fact that the measured correlation functions
lie well inside the allowed region of parameter space, i.e. far away from the
boundaries of the allowed volume defined by the constraints, we find strong
indications that the quasi-Gaussian likelihood yields a substantially more
accurate description than the Gaussian one.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, updated to match version accepted by A&
Parameter estimation for semilinear SPDEs from local measurements
This work contributes to the limited literature on estimating the diffusivity
or drift coefficient of nonlinear SPDEs driven by additive noise. Assuming that
the solution is measured locally in space and over a finite time interval, we
show that the augmented maximum likelihood estimator introduced in Altmeyer,
Reiss (2020) retains its asymptotic properties when used for semilinear SPDEs
that satisfy some abstract, and verifiable, conditions. The proofs of
asymptotic results are based on splitting the solution in linear and nonlinear
parts and fine regularity properties in -spaces. The obtained general
results are applied to particular classes of equations, including stochastic
reaction-diffusion equations. The stochastic Burgers equation, as an example
with first order nonlinearity, is an interesting borderline case of the general
results, and is treated by a Wiener chaos expansion. We conclude with numerical
examples that validate the theoretical results.Comment: corrected versio
Ökoweinbau: Mit Qualität zum Erfolg!
Im Vorfeld der 13. IFOAM-Wissenschaftskonferenz fand vom 25.-26.August 2000 in Basel der 6. Internationale Kongress für ökologischen Weinbau statt.
Organisiert vom Forschungsinstitut fĂĽr biologischen Landbau (FiBL), dem Schweizerischen Bioweinbauverein (BIOVIN), ECOVIN/ Deutschland und der Stiftung Ă–kologie & Landbau (SĂ–L) sowie einem Expertengremium aus Deutschland und der Schweiz trafen sich ca. 180 Teilnehmer zum Erfahrungsaustausch im Kongresszentrum Basel.
Der Kongress bot unter dem Titel „Mit Qualität zum Erfolg“ ein breites Informations- und Diskussionsforum zu anbautechnischen, oenologischen sowie vermarktungstechnischen Aspekten
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