Prevalence of root caries among adults and the elderly in southeast Brazil

Avaliar a prevalência da cárie radicular em adultos e idosos da região Sudeste do Brasil. O estudo avaliou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SB Brasil 2010) disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Na SB Brasil 2010, 1 586 adultos e 1 277 idosos foram examinados por meio de uma amostra probabilística domiciliar nas quatro capitais e em 30 municípios da região Sudeste. A cárie radicular (CR), desfecho do estudo, foi avaliada segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, por meio do índice de cárie radicular (ICR) e do índice de raízes cariadas e obturadas (CO-R). Os voluntários responderam a um questionário para obtenção de dados sociodemográficos. Aplicou-se o teste do qui-quadrado para verificar se houve associação entre a prevalência de CR e gênero, renda, escolaridade e local de residência (capital ou interior). A média do CO-R foi de 0,36 nos adultos, sendo que 15,2% apresentaram CO-R >0. O ICR foi 6,1%. Para os idosos, a média do CO-R foi 0,17. No grupo de idosos dentados, a média foi de 0,37. A prevalência de CO-R >0 foi 12,4% e 27,2%, respectivamente. O ICR para o total de idosos foi 10%. Em ambos os grupos a CR não tratada foi a mais prevalente. Foram associadas à CR em adultos a renda, a escolaridade e a cidade; em idosos, apenas o sexo foi associado à prevalência de cárie radicular. A prevalência da CR revela a necessidade de maior atenção para essa condição de saúde bucal, que não foi tratada na maior parte da amostra estudada. Sugere-se que futuros estudos avaliem estratégias de cuidado e prevenção relacionadas à cárie radicular3512329To assess the prevalence and factors associated with root caries (RC) among adults and the elderly in the Southeast of Brazil. This study used secondary data from the Health Ministry's 2010 National Oral Health Survey. In the Southeast, a household probability sample of 1 586 adults and 1 277 elderly was evaluated in four capitals and 30 municipalities. The RC outcome was evaluated according to World Health Organization criteria for oral health surveys, based on the root caries index (RCI) and root, decayed, filled (RDF) surface index. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between prevalence of RC and gender, income, educational attainment, and place of residence (capitals or noncapital municipality). The mean RDF index in adults was 0.36, and the RCI was 6.1%. In 15.2% of adults, the RDF index was > 0. The mean RDF index was 0.17 in the elderly and 0.37 in dentate individuals. Prevalence of RDF > 0 was 12.4% and 27.2%, respectively, and the RCI was 10% among the elderly. In both groups, untreated RC was the most prevalent. RC in adults was associated with income, educational attainment, and residence location. In the elderly, it was associated only with gender. Prevalence of RC indicates that further attention should be paid to this oral condition, especially as RC was untreated in most subjects. We suggest that future studies evaluate new strategies for the care and prevention of R

Oral health and obesity in the SAYCARE study: reliability and internal validity of diagnostic methods

The aim of this pilot study was to address the reliability, internal validity and viability of oral health methods used in the South American Youth/Child cARdiovascular and Environmental study. Methods South American Youth/Child cARdiovascular and Environmental study was a multicentre feasibility observational study and conducted in seven South American cities. The training sessions were performed in two steps before data collection: the first verified the inter-rater reproducibility between the examiners of the six centres in relation to the gold standard, and the second one verified the inter-rater reproducibility between the examiners at each centre in relation to the main rater. The diagnostic methods used were International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and Pulpal Involvement, Ulceration, Fistula and Abscess for dental caries and Periodontal Screening and Recording and Index Plaque for periodontal disease. Anthropometric variables were measured and used to calculate the body mass index and were classified according to the cut-off points defined by the International Obesity Task Force. Cohen's kappa coefficient and proportions of agreement were calculated to report inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in the calibration process and pilot study. Results The inter-rater weight kappa ranged from 0.78 to 0.88 and proportion of agreement from 96.07% to 98.10% for the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and for the Periodontal Screening and Recording, 0.68 to 0.95 and 94.40% to 98.33%, respectively, in the calibration process. At the pilot study, a total of 490 children (40.8% overweight and 12.9% obese) and 364 adolescents (23.4% overweight and 4.3% obese) were examined. The prevalence of dental caries was 66% in children and 78% in adolescents, and gingival bleeding was 49% and 58.20%, respectively. Conclusion The results demonstrated good reliability and internal validity after the examiners were trained, as well as the feasibility of using the methods chosen for this multicentre study515967FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulosem informação2017/16189‐6; 2018/23124‐0FAEPEX-UNICAMP - FUNDO DE APOIO AO ENSINO, À PESQUISA E EXTENSÃ

Epidemiology of fluorosis and dental caries according to different types of water supplies Epidemiologia da fluorose e cáries dentárias de acordo com diferentes tipos de abastecimento de água

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between fluorosis/dental caries in schools, according to the level of fluoride in public water supply. The sample comprised of twelve-year-old daytime students (360) of both genders, attending schools close to the region where they were born. The schools were classified into three groups according to the presence of fluoride in the water supply: 1) fluoridation in the Water Treatment Station-WTS; 2) Direct Fluoridation in Wells-DFW; and 3) Non Fluoridated Areas-NFA. The &#967;2 and Goodman tests (significance=5%) were used to evaluate the association between the origin of water and degree of fluorosis; percentage of distribution and descriptive measures were used for investigation of the degree of fluorosis. The following outcomes were predominant: presence of dental caries in the entire sample (P<0.05); absence of fluorosis in both genders, for white individuals and subjects living in areas supplied by both DFW and NFA (P<0.05). There was no difference in the severity of fluorosis between the sources of water supply (P>0.05). Dental caries is still an important problem in this population, despite the establishment of preventive measured. The observation of fluorosis in students living in non-fluoridated areas confirms the presence of other sources of fluoride.<br>O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar a relação fluorose/cáries em escolas, de acordo com o nível de fluoreto no abastecimento público de água. A amostra consistiu em 360 alunos de doze anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, que frequentam as escolas próximas da região em que nasceram. As escolas foram classificadas em três grupos de acordo com a presença de fluoreto no abastecimento de água: 1) fluoretação na Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA); 2) fluoretação direta em poços; e 3) áreas não fluoretadas (ANF). Os testes de&#967;e de Goodman (significância = 5%) foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre a origem da água e o grau de fluorose. Os resultados mais predominantes foram presença de cáries em toda a amostra (P<0,05); ausência de fluorose em ambos gêneros, para indivíduos brancos e aqueles vivendo em áreas abastecidas com água fluoretada diretamente de poços e não fluoretadas (P<0,05). Não houve diferença no grau de severidade da fluorose entre as fontes de abastecimento de água (P>0,05). As cáries ainda são uma importante questão nessa população, apesar do estabelecimento de medida preventiva. A observação da fluorose em alunos vivendo em áreas não fluoretadas confirma a presença de outras fontes de fluorose