366 research outputs found
Work group inclusion : test of a scale and model
We develop a theoretically based 10-item measure of work group inclusion comprised of two components (belongingness and uniqueness) and use this measure to empirically test the nomological network of work group inclusion developed by Shore et al. In Phase 1, we use two samples of full-time employees to develop and refine items as well as establish content validity. In Phase 2, we demonstrate convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity with both conceptually related and unrelated constructs. In Phase 3, we use data from an additional sample of employees and supervisors to test criterion-related validity and mediation by examining the multilevel relationships between inclusion and important antecedents and outcomes. Across the three phases of our study, the results demonstrate support not only for the factor structure, reliability, and validity of our work group inclusion measure but also for a theoretical model in which the construct of inclusion has important implications for individuals and organizations
Inclusive leadership : realizing positive outcomes through belongingness and being valued for uniqueness
We introduce a theoretically-grounded conceptualization of inclusive leadership and present a framework for understanding factors that contribute to and follow from inclusive leadership within work groups. We conceptualize inclusive leadership as a set of positive leader behaviors that facilitate group members perceiving belongingness in the work group while maintaining their uniqueness within the group as they fully contribute to group processes and outcomes. We propose that leader pro-diversity beliefs, humility, and cognitive complexity increase the propensity of inclusive leader behaviors. We identify five categories of inclusive leadership behaviors that facilitate group members' perceptions of inclusion, which in turn lead to member work group identification, psychological empowerment, and behavioral outcomes (creativity, job performance, and reduced turnover) in the pursuit of group goals. This framework provides theoretical grounding for the construct of inclusive leadership while advancing our understanding of how leaders can increase diverse work group effectiveness
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL RUMINANT MEAT OFFERING IN PUERTO RICO
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL RUMINANT MEAT OFFERING IN PUERTO RIC
Trajectory model simulations of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the lower stratosphere
A domain-filling, forward trajectory model originally developed for
simulating stratospheric water vapor is used to simulate ozone (O3) and
carbon monoxide (CO) in the lower stratosphere. Trajectories are
initialized in the upper troposphere, and the circulation is based on
reanalysis wind fields. In addition, chemical production and loss rates
along trajectories are included using calculations from the Whole Atmosphere
Community Climate Model (WACCM). The trajectory model results show good
overall agreement with satellite observations from the Aura Microwave Limb
Sounder (MLS) and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform
Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) in terms of spatial structure and seasonal
variability. The trajectory model results also agree well with the Eulerian
WACCM simulations. Analysis of the simulated tracers shows that seasonal
variations in tropical upwelling exerts strong influence on O3 and CO
in the tropical lower stratosphere, and the coupled seasonal cycles provide
a useful test of the transport simulations. Interannual variations in the
tracers are also closely coupled to changes in upwelling, and the trajectory
model can accurately capture and explain observed changes during 2005–2011.
This demonstrates the importance of variability in tropical upwelling in
forcing chemical changes in the tropical lower stratosphere
Delayed Decision-making in Real-time Beatbox Percussion Classification
This is an electronic version of an article published in Journal of New Music Research, 39(3), 203-213, 2010. doi:10.1080/09298215.2010.512979. Journal of New Music Research is available online at: www.tandfonline.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=1744-5027&volume=39&issue=3&spage=20
Steer Temperament Influences Stress Responsiveness to Handling Typical In BeefCattle Management
Last updated: 6/1/200
Dragging a polymer chain into a nanotube and subsequent release
We present a scaling theory and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results for a
flexible polymer chain slowly dragged by one end into a nanotube. We also
describe the situation when the completely confined chain is released and
gradually leaves the tube. MC simulations were performed for a self-avoiding
lattice model with a biased chain growth algorithm, the pruned-enriched
Rosenbluth method. The nanotube is a long channel opened at one end and its
diameter is much smaller than the size of the polymer coil in solution. We
analyze the following characteristics as functions of the chain end position
inside the tube: the free energy of confinement, the average end-to-end
distance, the average number of imprisoned monomers, and the average stretching
of the confined part of the chain for various values of and for the number
of monomers in the chain, . We show that when the chain end is dragged by a
certain critical distance into the tube, the polymer undergoes a
first-order phase transition whereby the remaining free tail is abruptly sucked
into the tube. This is accompanied by jumps in the average size, the number of
imprisoned segments, and in the average stretching parameter. The critical
distance scales as . The transition takes place when
approximately 3/4 of the chain units are dragged into the tube. The theory
presented is based on constructing the Landau free energy as a function of an
order parameter that provides a complete description of equilibrium and
metastable states. We argue that if the trapped chain is released with all
monomers allowed to fluctuate, the reverse process in which the chain leaves
the confinement occurs smoothly without any jumps. Finally, we apply the theory
to estimate the lifetime of confined DNA in metastable states in nanotubes.Comment: 13pages, 14figure
The impact of temperature vertical structure on trajectory modeling of stratospheric water vapor
Lagrangian trajectories driven by reanalysis meteorological fields are
frequently used to study water vapor (H<sub>2</sub>O) in the stratosphere, in which
the tropical cold-point temperatures regulate the amount of H<sub>2</sub>O entering
the stratosphere. Therefore, the accuracy of temperatures in the tropical
tropopause layer (TTL) is of great importance for understanding stratospheric
H<sub>2</sub>O abundances. Currently, most reanalyses, such as the NASA MERRA
(Modern Era Retrospective – analysis for Research and Applications), only
provide temperatures with ~ 1.2 km vertical resolution in the TTL,
which has been argued to miss finer vertical structure in the tropopause and
therefore introduce uncertainties in our understanding of stratospheric
H<sub>2</sub>O. In this paper, we quantify this uncertainty by comparing the
Lagrangian trajectory prediction of H<sub>2</sub>O using MERRA temperatures on
standard model levels (<i>traj.MER-T</i>) to those using GPS temperatures
at finer vertical resolution (<i>traj.GPS-T</i>), and those using adjusted
MERRA temperatures with finer vertical structures induced by waves
(<i>traj.MER-Twave</i>). It turns out that by using temperatures with finer
vertical structure in the tropopause, the trajectory model more realistically
simulates the dehydration of air entering the stratosphere. But the effect on
H<sub>2</sub>O abundances is relatively minor: compared with <i>traj.MER-T</i>,
<i>traj.GPS-T</i> tends to dry air by ~ 0.1 ppmv, while
<i>traj.MER-Twave</i> tends to dry air by 0.2–0.3 ppmv. Despite these
differences in absolute values of predicted H<sub>2</sub>O and vertical dehydration
patterns, there is virtually no difference in the interannual variability in
different runs. Overall, we find that a tropopause temperature with finer
vertical structure has limited impact on predicted stratospheric H<sub>2</sub>O
The impact of temperature vertical structure on trajectory modeling of stratospheric water vapor
Lagrangian trajectories driven by reanalysis meteorological fields are
frequently used to study water vapor (H2O) in the stratosphere, in which
the tropical cold-point temperatures regulate the amount of H2O entering
the stratosphere. Therefore, the accuracy of temperatures in the tropical
tropopause layer (TTL) is of great importance for understanding stratospheric
H2O abundances. Currently, most reanalyses, such as the NASA MERRA
(Modern Era Retrospective – analysis for Research and Applications), only
provide temperatures with ~ 1.2 km vertical resolution in the TTL,
which has been argued to miss finer vertical structure in the tropopause and
therefore introduce uncertainties in our understanding of stratospheric
H2O. In this paper, we quantify this uncertainty by comparing the
Lagrangian trajectory prediction of H2O using MERRA temperatures on
standard model levels (traj.MER-T) to those using GPS temperatures
at finer vertical resolution (traj.GPS-T), and those using adjusted
MERRA temperatures with finer vertical structures induced by waves
(traj.MER-Twave). It turns out that by using temperatures with finer
vertical structure in the tropopause, the trajectory model more realistically
simulates the dehydration of air entering the stratosphere. But the effect on
H2O abundances is relatively minor: compared with traj.MER-T,
traj.GPS-T tends to dry air by ~ 0.1 ppmv, while
traj.MER-Twave tends to dry air by 0.2–0.3 ppmv. Despite these
differences in absolute values of predicted H2O and vertical dehydration
patterns, there is virtually no difference in the interannual variability in
different runs. Overall, we find that a tropopause temperature with finer
vertical structure has limited impact on predicted stratospheric H2O
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