Particle escape into extra space

We focus on escape of a spin integer particle the challenge for which is of course that the corresponding field equation contains the second order time derivative and, in general, may be problematic for interpreting the extra-dimensional part of the field as a wave function for the KK modes as it is usually regarded.Comment: 3 page

Process control and recovery in the Link Monitor and Control Operator Assistant

This paper describes our approach to providing process control and recovery functions in the Link Monitor and Control Operator Assistant (LMCOA). The focus of the LMCOA is to provide semi-automated monitor and control to support station operations in the Deep Space Network. The LMCOA will be demonstrated with precalibration operations for Very Long Baseline Interferometry on a 70-meter antenna. Precalibration, the task of setting up the equipment to support a communications link with a spacecraft, is a manual, time consuming and error-prone process. One problem with the current system is that it does not provide explicit feedback about the effects of control actions. The LMCOA uses a Temporal Dependency Network (TDN) to represent an end-to-end sequence of operational procedures and a Situation Manager (SM) module to provide process control, diagnosis, and recovery functions. The TDN is a directed network representing precedence, parallelism, precondition, and postcondition constraints. The SM maintains an internal model of the expected and actual states of the subsystems in order to determine if each control action executed successfully and to provide feedback to the user. The LMCOA is implemented on a NeXT workstation using Objective C, Interface Builder and the C Language Integrated Production System

Optical propagation through a homogeneous turbulent shear flow

Effects of organized turbulent structures on the propagation of an optical beam in a homogeneous shear flow were studied. A passive-scalar field in a computed turbulent shear flow is used to represent index-of-refraction fluctuations, and phase errors induced in a coherent optical beam by turbulent fluctuations are computed. The organized vortical structures produce a scalar distribution with elongated regions of intense fluctuations which have an inclination with respect to the mean flow similar to that of the characteristic hairpin eddies. It is found that r.m.s. phase error is minimized by propagating approximately normal to the inclined vortical structures. Two-point correlations of vorticity and scalar fluctuation suggest that the regions of intense scalar fluctuation are produced primarily by the hairpin eddies

Heterogeneous Investors and their Changing Demand and Supply Schedules for Individual Common Stocks

Using 550 million limit orders submitted in the Korea Stock Exchange, we estimate demand and supply elasticities of heterogeneous investor types and their changes around the Asian financial crisis. We find that domestic individuals have substantially more inelastic demand and supply curves than domestic institutions and foreign investors. The crisis permanently reduced price elasticities of domestic individuals by 50% but had no effect on those of foreign investors. Institutional changes restricting margin purchases, implemented after the crisis, seem particularly important in explaining the dramatic drop. Information heterogeneity, availability of close substitutes and arbitrage risk also explain time-series variations in elasticities.

Heterogeneous Investors and their Changing Demand and Supply Schedules for Individual Common Stocks

Using 550 million limit orders submitted in the Korea Stock Exchange, we estimate demand and supply elasticities of heterogeneous investor types and their changes around the Asian financial crisis. We find that domestic individuals have substantially more inelastic demand and supply curves than domestic institutions and foreign investors. The crisis permanently reduced price elasticities of domestic individuals by 50% but had no effect on those of foreign investors. Institutional changes restricting margin purchases, implemented after the crisis, seem particularly important in explaining the dramatic drop. Information heterogeneity, availability of close substitutes and arbitrage risk also explain time-series variations in elasticities.

Evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in diploid and tetraploid Gossypium L

Molecular data have had a profound effect on the field of plant evolutionary biology, yet the potential wealth of data stored in low-copy nuclear-encoded genes has been virtually ignored, relative to studies of chloroplast and ribosomal DNA. In this dissertation I present an analysis of a model nuclear-encoded gene family (alcohol dehydrogenase, Adh) in a model organismal system, the cotton genus (Gossypium L., Malvaceae);A combination of PCR- and Southern hybridization-based approaches was employed to isolate, sequence, and map multiple Adh gene family members. Diploid Gossypium contain at least seven Adh loci. Sequence analysis reveals extensive intron variation between loci, and one locus has lost two introns. Evolutionary rates differ between loci and between lineages. Finally, the Adh gene family appears dynamic in that examples of gene duplication, pseudogenization, and elimination were found;We have also employed Adh genes for phylogenetic analyses. We tested the relative utility of seven noncoding cpDNA regions and a pair of homoeologous nuclear genes for resolving recent divergences, using tetraploid cottons as a model system. We sequenced over 7 kb of CPDNA per taxon, yet obtained incomplete phylogenetic resolution. We also sequenced a 1.65-kb region of a homoeologous pair of Adh genes and obtained a robust and completely resolved topology. This enhanced resolution reflects an approximately three- to six-fold increase in evolutionary rate relative to the cpDNA sequences;Finally we have exploited Adh sequences to study intraspecific genetic diversity. We estimated nucleotide diversity for a pair of homoeologous Adh loci in allotetraploid G. hirsutum. Nucleotide diversity for AdhA in Gossypium is lower than for any plant nuclear gene yet described. This low diversity appears to reflect a history severe genetic bottlenecks supplemented by an unusually slow nucleotide substitution rate and an autogamous breeding system. While not statistically supportable, the sum of the observations also suggest differential evolutionary dynamics at each of the homoeologous loci

Analysis of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate coatings on polyethylene terephthalate fabric substrates for cardiovascular prosthetic applications

A small diameter cardiovascular prosthesis was developed that utilized compound coatings of a stable, three-dimensional, fluid-imbibing gel network having controlled and identified microstructure. Two types of polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron(\u27(REGTM))) tubular substrates (USCI(\u27(REGTM)) DeBakey(\u27(REGTM)) Vasculour(\u27(REGTM))-D and USCI(\u27(REGTM)) Sauvage(\u27TM) filamentous velour) were selectively coated with polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (P-HEMA) using a two-stage polymerization process. The first stage of this process imparted a coating of P-HEMA having a heterogeneous macroporous structure and the second stage yeilded an internal surface coating of hydrogel with a homogeneous microporous structure;Preliminary investigations demonstrated that the morphology of P-HEMA on a colloidal level could be controlled by adjustment of the cosolvent ratios holding other fabrication parameters constant. The microstructural details of a family of hydrogel formulations were identified by scanning electron microscopy techniques. Both radiation and thermal initiation of HEMA polymerization were evaluated as methods to coat polymeric substrates. The tabulation of the resulting physical properties aided in matching a potential hydrogel coating for a desired function when applied to the prosthesis design;The rabbit paravertebral muscle implantation test was used to evaluate the tissue response to the hydrogel composite materials. Samples and surrounding muscle tissue were examined histopathologically at 10 days, one month, and three months. All the materials tested showed no cytotoxic activity. The polyethylene terephthalate hydrogel composite materials showed a considerable amount of tissue ingrowth up to 700 (mu)m. The P-HEMA bulk polymer exhibited a small amount of tissue ingrowth. Silicone rubber composites were surrounded by a thin layer of encapsulating collagen in the range of 10 to 30 (mu)m. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation of microstructural details (e.g., the relationship of tissue penetration to the interconnecting pores of the hydrogel coating) indicated that a variety of microstructural features could be correlated to the fabrication variables;A compound prosthesis design was pursued whereby the microstructure of hydrogel impregnating a fabric substrate would be controlled to allow sufficient permeability to cellular ingrowth from the exterior and at the same time provide a smooth nonthrombogenic flow surface. Canine carotid artery replacements with these materials demonstrated high potency rates and the development of early luminal surface cellular organization over a 21-day implantation period

Comparative Analysis of Factors Related to College Selection by High Academic Ability Students Attending Mississippi\u27s Public Community Colleges in 2003 and 2011

Studies have been conducted about high academic ability students in postsecondary institutions, but rarely has research explored the college choice factors involving high academic ability students who chose to attend a community college. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to why high academic ability students chose to attend Mississippi public community colleges. The study also examined the differences in perception of college choice factors among students according to the variables of age, gender, race, full-time or part-time enrollment status, attendance for first-generation students to college, if one or both parents or legal guardians attended the respective community college, if a sibling attended the respective community college, and if the student was a commuter or on-campus resident. The participants were freshmen students who had scored 26 and above on the ACT composite score and who were enrolled in Mississippi public community colleges during the spring semesters of 2003 or 2011. There were 240 participants in 2003 and 247 participants in 2011. The study found that females considered academic preparation, entrance requirements, availability of specific programs of study, and contact with college representatives more highly than males; first-generation students considered community in which the college was located as more important; and on-campus students rated the following variables higher than commuters: varsity sports opportunities, racial/ethnic makeup, type of housing, extracurricular activities, social climate and activities, and male/female ratio

Control Options for Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L. Pers.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

Field studies were conducted in 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Alexandria, LA to determine glufosinate rates and timings for control of rhizome johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] in glufosinate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.]. Johnsongrass control (75%) and height reduction (63%) throughout the season were greatest when glufosinate was applied at 0.7 kg ai ha-1 followed by (fb) 0.6 kg ha-1. Furthermore, following initial applications of glufosinate at 0.7 kg ha-1 (2670 kg ha-1) increased soybean yields were observed compared to 0.5 kg ha-1 (2400 kg ha-1), and soybean yields were greater following sequential glufosinate applications of 0.6 kg ha-1 followed by 0.5 kg ha-1. These data suggest that sequential applications of glufosinate is an option to control rhizomatous johnsongrass in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Additionally, field trials were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to assess control of johnsongrass in soybean with sequences of chlorimuron, clethodim, and fomesafen applied at early-post-emergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST), and late-postemergence (LPOST). Sequential applications of glufosinate was added as a comparison treatment at all three timings. Clethodim applied EPOST was similar in johnsongrass control to sequentially applied glufosinate 35 days after LPOST. Johnsongrass control at harvest following sequential glufosinate applications (90%) or clethodim fb chlorimuron fb fomesafen (82%) did not differ. At harvest, differences in johnsongrass heights were not observed between treatments. Following sequentially applied glufosinate soybean yields were similar where clethodim was applied LPOST. Furthermore, trials were conducted to assess johnsongrass control in cotton [Gossypium hirsutum L.] in 2011, 2012, and 2013 following glufosinate applied two or three times sequentially, initiated 2, 3, or 4 wk after planting and sequential applications timed 2 or 3 wk apart. Johnsongrass control was maximized when three applications were applied at least 3 wk apart. However, johnsongrass control and reduction in heights was greatest when timing the initial application 4 WAP. Additionally, cotton yield was comparable to three total applications when two applications were made initiated 4 WAP