DTMF Based Bomb Detection with Collision Avoidance Robot

Here we presents the wireless bomb detection robot which will help to improve defense of our nation .The bomb detectors system works only with the presence of experts. But this way of analyzing takes more time and make risk to life of experts. This uses wireless technology for controlling action. The aim of our project is to design a wireless robot for bomb surveillance and detection with a metal detector. This robot can be moved in Omni-direction using geared motors of 100RPM. Also we are interfacing the Obstacle Sensor which avoid collision of the robot with any obstacle in its track when it will be sensing metal body within its range for bomb detection.LCD is use to display all directions along with obstacle sensed and Metal Detected. The robot is controlled by remote control. Wireless control of robot is achieved using DTMF code signals.Micro-controllerPIC18F4520 has been used to control the direction of robot. The motor driver circuit has been used to provide reversible drive to the dc motors

Pharmacotherapeutic study of efficacy, safety and prognostic analysis of anti snake venom serum in snake bite patients

Background: Snakebite is a common medical emergency especially in the rural areas. The effective measure to treat most of the manifestations of venomous snake bite is timely administration of anti-snake venom serum (ASVS). Problems associated with ASVS use are lack of evidence for optimal dose schedule and occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions.Methods: A retrospective review of snakebite cases was carried out from record section of a tertiary care teaching hospital from January 2011 to December 2011.Results: Out of total 202 snakebite patients admitted during the study period, age group of 21-30 years (mainly male victims) accounted for highest no. of snakebite cases (25.7%). The mean (±SD) dose of ASVS used was 124 (±112) mL. 11.8% patients had suffered from adverse drug reactions due to ASVS. 7.4% patients required mechanical ventilation. Overall mortality in our study was 9.4%. Mortality was higher (50%) where the time interval between the snakebite and initiation of treatment was >6 hours. Out of total 15 patients who required mechanical ventilation, n=10 (66.6%) patient died.Conclusions: In our study, mean dose of ASVS used was as per WHO guidelines. Less incidence of adverse drug reaction due to ASVS may be because of co-administration of corticosteroids and anti-histaminics. Delay in getting treatment with ASVS, neurotoxic envenomation and respiratory failure, were the risk factors associated with adverse prognosis due to snake bite in our set up

Transmission dynamics, pathogenicity, and immunological biomarkers of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus, North Carolina, USA.

Introduction. In the past decade it has become evident that animal-adapted Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), have emerged among pigs raised on industrial hog operations (IHOs) and among humans who have frequent contact with, or live near IHOs both globally and in the USA. IHO workers in the USA are at an increased risk of carrying livestock-associated (LA-) S. aureus, including LA-MRSA and LA-MDRSA, and developing LA-S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). The population structure, transmission dynamics, relative pathogenicity, and immunological biomarkers of LA-S. aureus commonly contracted by IHO workers and their family members in the USA remains poorly understood. Objectives. 1) Elucidate the population structure and transmission dynamics of LA-S. aureus clonal complex 9 (CC9) between pigs raised on IHOs (IHO pigs) and humans in North Carolina (NC), USA, a region with a particularly high density of IHOs, 2) Determine the degree to which LA-S. aureus strains contracted by IHO workers cause disease relative to a highly pathogenic epidemic community-associated (CA-) MRSA strain (i.e. USA300 clone, SF8300) in a mouse model of SSTI, and 3) Develop antigen-specific antibody-based oral fluid (OF) biomarkers and examine their associations with S. aureus nasal carriage and SSTI outcomes among a population of IHO workers and their household contacts. Methods. In Chapter 1, 81 LA-S. aureus CC9 isolates were subject to bioinformatic analysis, including core-genome SNP-based phylogenetic analysis and genotyping for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence factor (VF) genes. In Chapter 2, measures of pathogenicity, including lesion size, innate immune host response, and colony forming units (CFUs), were compared between mice infected with either LA-S. aureus CC9 or CC398 strains to mice infected with CA-MRSA clone, SF8300. In Chapter 3, the development of an OF multiplex S. aureus Luminex enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that can be employed in occupational and community settings is outlined. Associations between S. aureus nasal carriage and SSTI outcomes and S. aureus antigen-specific antibody levels in OF were examined among IHO workers and their family members. Results. In Chapter 1, high-resolution phylogenetic and genotyping analysis of LA-S. aureus CC9 isolates revealed two distinct transmission clusters which contained IHO pig and human isolates with a high degree of phylogenetic relatedness. Transmission cluster isolates were enriched with multiple acquired AMR genes and a MDRSA phenotype. In Chapter 2, mice infected with CC398 LA-S. aureus strains developed larger lesion sizes with higher bacterial burden than mice infected with CA-MRSA (USA300 clone, SF8300). The LA-S. aureus infected mice had decreased IL-1β protein levels compared with CA-MRSA-infected mice, suggesting a suboptimal host response to LA-S. aureus SSTIs. In Chapter 3, an OF multiplex S. aureus EIA was developed. Consistent with previous findings in serum, OF IgG antibody levels against SCIN, ClfA, and AT were elevated among adults (ages 18-49) compared to children (ages 7-17). OF IgG levels waned with aging (ages 50-82), whereas IgA levels remained elevated. Anti-ClfA IgA and IgG antibody levels were significantly elevated among IHO workers who carried S. aureus, multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), and tetracycline-resistant S. aureus (tet[R]-S. aureus) intranasally. Anti-ClfA IgA levels were positively and anti-SCIN levels negatively associated with self-reported SSTI. Conclusions. 1) LA-S. aureus CC9 in the USA is distinct from lineages in Europe and Asia, and can be transmitted between IHO pigs and humans. A MDRSA phenotype, and a significantly increased number of acquired AMR genes, is associated with pig-human transmissions. 2) LA-S. aureus CC398 and CC9 display an equivalent or greater degree of pathogenicity compared to CA-MRSA USA300, SF8300, in a mouse model of SSTI. 3) OF antibodies against ClfA may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of S. aureus colonization and SSTI among IHO workers and their household contacts

Drug utilization study of some antibiotic in indoor setting at tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India: a descriptive study

Background: Antibiotics are one of the most important discoveries in the field of medicine and are widely used in reducing the infections. Irrational antibiotic use may result in increased cost of treatment, drug-drug interactions also cause severe adverse reactions. The objective of the study was to determine average number of antibiotics prescribed per prescription, to identify the indication for which antibiotics were commonly used and to determine the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. About 300 patients who were prescribed antibiotics were included in the study. The data on antibiotic containing prescriptions from each patient was collected from the inpatient of medicine department. The study was carried out from August 2013 to July 2014.Results: Total 300 prescriptions studied, of which 195 (65%) prescriptions had 2 antibiotics per prescriptions and 105 (35%) prescriptions had more than 2 antibiotics per prescription. It was observed that out of 300 patients, 165 were male (55%) and 135 were female (45%). Fluoroquinolones were most commonly prescribed antibiotics and ciprofloxacin was prescribed mostly. Most of the prescriptions contained polypharmacy. The antibiotics treatment regimens given in most of the patients were without done culture sensitivity test before prescribing, which lead to irrational prescribing.Conclusions: Compliance to adopted treatment guidelines is still a major challenge hence there is an urgent need for following antimicrobial policy

Image based Search Engine for Online Shopping

This paper presents a method based on principle of content based image retrieval for online shopping based on color, HSV aiming at efficient retrieval of images from the large database for online shopping specially for fashion shopping. Here, HSV modeling is used for creating our application with a huge image database, which compares image source with the destination components. In this paper, a technique is used for finding items by image search, which is convenient for buyers in order to allow them to see the products. The reason for using image search for items instead of text searches is that item searching by keywords or text has some issues such as errors in search items, expansion in search and inaccuracy in search results. This paper is an attempt to help users to choose the best options among many products and decide exactly what they want with the fast and easy search by image retrieval. This technology is providing a new search mode, searching by image, which will help buyers for finding the same or similar image retrieval in the database store. The image searching results have been made customers buy products quickly. This feature is implemented to identify and extract features of prominent object present in an image. Using different statistical measures, similarity measures are calculated and evaluated. Image retrieval based on color is a trivial task. Identifying objects of prominence in an image and retrieving image with similar features is a complex task. Finding prominent object in an image is difficult in a background image and is the challenging task in retrieving images. We calculated and change the region of interest in order to increase speed of operation as well as accuracy by masking the background content. The Implementation results proved that proposed method is effective in recalling the images of same pattern or texture

Efaproxiral red blood cell concentration predicts efficacy in patients with brain metastases

Efaproxiral (Efaproxyn™, RSR13), a synthetic allosteric modifier of haemoglobin (Hb), decreases Hb-oxygen (O2) binding affinity and enhances oxygenation of hypoxic tumours during radiation therapy. This analysis evaluated the Phase 3, Radiation Enhancing Allosteric Compound for Hypoxic Brain Metastases; RT-009 (REACH) study efficacy results in relation to efaproxiral exposure (efaproxiral red blood cell concentration (E-RBC) and number of doses). Recursive partitioning analysis Class I or II patients with brain metastases from solid tumours received standard whole-brain radiation therapy (3 Gy/fraction × 10 days), plus supplemental O2 (4 l/min), either with efaproxiral (75 or 100 mg/kg daily) or without (control). Efaproxiral red blood cell concentrations were linearly extrapolated to all efaproxiral doses received. Three patient populations were analysed: (1) all eligible, (2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as primary cancer, and (3) breast cancer primary. Efficacy endpoints were survival and response rate. Brain metastases patients achieving sufficient E-RBC (⩾483 μg/ml) and receiving at least seven of 10 efaproxiral doses were most likely to experience survival and response benefits. Patients with breast cancer primary tumours generally achieved the target efaproxiral exposure and therefore gained greater benefit from efaproxiral treatment than NSCLC patients. This analysis defined the efaproxiral concentration-dependence in survival and response rate improvement, and provided a clearer understanding of efaproxiral dosing requirements