Comparison of Ephedrine Versus Lidocaine in Reducing the Frequency of Pain on Propofol Injection during Elective Surgeries

Background: To compare the ephedrine with lidocaine for reducing frequency of pain on propofol injection during elective surgeries.Methods: In this randomized controlled trial 80 patients were observed by taking 40 patients in each group, i.e. group A: ephedrine group and group B:lidocaine group. Patients with ASA–I (normal healthy patient), II (mild systemic disease with no functional limitation) aging between 20 and 40 years and opting for elective surgical procedures were included. The pain intensity was classified in four levels from no pain to severe pain. The frequencies of pain intensity were recorded during the injection period before the loss of consciousness according to the verbal rating scale (VRS) explained to patients at the preoperative visit. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of pain in two groups, where p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Effect modifiers i.e. the age, gender and ASA were controlled by stratification. The post stratification Chi-square test was applied keeping the p-value <0.05 as significant.Results: In Group A, 35% complained of severe pain, 42.5% had moderate pain, 22.5% had mild pain and no patients reported absence of pain as per our operational definition. In Group B 47.5% reported no pain during propofol injection, 40% complained of mild pain, 12.5% had moderate and no patients reported severe pain. The p-value is 0.00.Conclusion: Pretreatment with lidocaine resulted in significantly better pain control during propofol infusion than pretreatment with ephedrin

Uncovering Educational Barriers to Female Leadership in the United Arab Emirates

According to statistics, Emirati women comprise of 12% of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) workforce and account for only 7% of the country\u27s legislators, senior officials, and managers (Abdalla, 2015). The underrepresentation of women is alarming considering that the education rate of women is quite high. Specifically, females outperform males in school and the ratio of women in third level education is 85% (Al Kassadi, 2000). In addition, one study found that 92% of the women in UAE considered themselves very ambitious and wanted to aspire to hold a top job (Hewlett & Rashi, 2010). Jamali and colleagues (2005) note that the higher rates of enrollment in schools and universities have not been paralleled by equal access to work opportunities at higher levels of organizations or equal access to fair and equitable pay. Consequently, it is important to identify the relevant factors that influence the disconnect between women’s educational experiences and aspirations and women\u27s representation in leadership positions

The Effect of Customer Education in relation to Banking Transactions on Traditional Retail Business: The Mediating Role of Emotional Design and Experience Design

The study focuses on how consumer education in relation to banking transactions affects traditional retailing, how emotional design and experience design operate as mediators, and how relevant psychological theory applies to Chinese labour. The project intends to create its own psychological theory and explore the impact on traditional retail and emotional design. The data was analyzed using a survey of 340 employees in China firms that was done both online and in-person. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) show that traditional retail operations have a favourable influence on customer education. The study's findings also revealed a link between conventional retail business, emotional design, and experience design. Additional research can be carried out to keep the understanding of our model accurate. In China traditional retail, it is customary for the shareholder also serve as the store manager to run the company alongside their family. According to the study site's analysis of the data gathered, the bulk of traditional retail business owners conduct their operations and deal directly with customers. Despite our best efforts, we were only able to use a tiny sample for this inquiry. The major findings of this study could be verified in follow-up investigations using a bigger sample. A number of important policy recommendations, questions for further research, and recommended theoretical and practical repercussions are made

Spillover Effect of Financial Insecurity during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Banking Industry: The Relationship Between HRM Practices, Workplace Social Support, Work Engagement and Turnover Intention

Financial remuneration, career flexibility, performance assessment, supervisor and coworker assistance, and workplace social support were the primary foci of this investigation into the connection between human resource practises and employee turnover intentions. The results demonstrated a moderated association between work engagement and financial uncertainty. In order to decrease employee turnover, businesses must acknowledge the role that work satisfaction plays

A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PREVALENCE AND TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN TELANGANA STATE

Objective: To study the Prevalence of urinary tract infections and related risk factors and to study the Management of urinary tract infections. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in General Medicine Department, Osmania General Hospital (OGH), a tertiary care teaching hospital in Telangana State, where patients presenting or highly suspicious of having UTIs were included in the study. Pregnant women, Children, Patients who are not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Data was collected in predesigned Data collection forms. Results: Over a period of 6 Mo a total of 75 UTI cases were observed in General Medicine Department of OGH, which included 33 Males, and 42 Females. High prevalence of UTI were observed in Females in the middle age group i.e. 31-45 y, whereas in Males, in senior adult group i.e.,>60 y. The age group 18-30 y have shown the dominance of Uncomplicated UTIs(19%) and Primary UTIs (17%) and the age group>60 y have shown the dominance of Complicated UTIs (25%) and Recurrent UTIs(23%). The most common causative organism was found to be E. coli (69.3%). It was confirmed that the most common risk factor was found to be Diabetes Mellitus, followed by Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease. The most common antibiotic prescribed for UTI was Piperacillin+Tazobactum and for fungal UTIs, an antifungal drug i.e., Fluconazole was prescribed. Conclusion: E. coli are the major cause of UTIs among patients It is discovered that UTI is common among females. Hospitalisation, married individuals, Diabetes mellitus, genitourinary tract abnormalities, congestive cardiac failure, hypertension, prostatitis and female gender are the most important risk factors of UTIs. Appropriate measures may help to reduce UTIs due to these associated factors

6-Benzyl­sulfanyl-9H-purine

The phenyl ring of the title compound, C12H10N4S, a purine derivative, is oriented at a dihedral angle of 76.65 (6)° with respect to the purine ring system. An inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds stabilizes the crystal structure

Faculty Development Initiatives: A prerequisite for capacity building and enhanced productivity in a medical institution

Objective: To determine the contribution of teaching, learning and assessment forum\u27s initiatives on professional development of faculty and staff.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, from July to December 2016, and comprised teaching, learning and assessment activities carried out from 2012 to 2015. The responses acquired from feedback evaluation were recorded at the end of activity on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1-5. Positive responses were presented for each variable with respective activity type across the study years. The association of the effectiveness of teaching, learning and assessment between type of event and yearly outcome was also assessed.Results: A total of 66activities were held during the study period. Of them, 49(74.24%) were workshops/human resource trainings, 5(7.57%) were courses and 12(18.18%) were seminars. Together, they involved over 500 participants. Objectives, disclosure statement, contents, level of interaction, acquired knowledge, time management, queries responded, organisational activity, course material and overall assessment showed consistent positive response across the years, but the acquisition of new knowledge differed significantly (pConclusions: Teaching, learning and assessment initiatives, play a positive role in professional development of faculty and staff

Role of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in Psychosocial Deprivation among Females Patients

Background: Patients with rare diseases such as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) are often challenged to be isolated, lack proper medical care and face negative social consequences. Furthermore, pubertal development is the period of rapid and nearly simultaneous transformation of biological, physical, social, and psychological domains of an individual. Hence, the process of personal transformation is also affected in children with pubertal delay. Due to delay in the growth process, the individual looks different from her or his peers and may have negative consequences on the psychological and social interactions. Objective: The disparities in the growth and development may cause an increase in psychosocial problems and negative peer relationship. Hence, this study was designed to observe psychosocial consequences of delayed puberty in female with CHH. Design: Cross sectional study. Place & duration of study: The data were collected from CHH patients visiting public sector hospitals over a period of 18 months. Patients & Methods: The demographic information, complete medical history, psychological and psychosocial symptoms of the 52 female CHH patients were recorded on the questionnaire. Results: The present study demonstrated that most of the patients were frustrated due to poor body image, low self-esteem, feeling themselves behind the peers, and were with complaints of depression and anxiety. The other psychological symptoms include anger, irritability, loneliness, eating and sleeping disturbances. Conclusion: It was concluded that the delayed sexual maturation has resulted in frustration, low self-esteem and increased anxiety and depression in cohort of local females with CHH

A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT OF STROKE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of stroke and its management with various risk factors, i.e. non-modifiable and modifiable at a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: It is a prospective and observational study conducted over a period of six months including established cases of stroke. The study was carried out in100 patients to evaluate risk factors and management of stroke. The data obtained with the designed data collection form were analyzed using Odds ratio and Chi-Square test.Results: Ischemic stroke accounted for 70% of cases followed by Intracerebral Hemorrhage (20%) Subarachnoid hemorrhage (5%) and Transient Ischemic Attack (5%). Out of 100 patients, there were 74 male and 26 female patients, indicating males at higher risk. Majority of patients were between the age group 41-60 y. based on the Odds ratio hypertensive and alcoholics were more prone to stroke occurrence and recurrence. Chi-Square test performed for age and gender was not significant at significance level P<0.05.Conclusion: In this study, ischemic stroke was most prevalent. Hypertension was the major risk factor indicating strong evidence of stroke occurrence and recurrence. The factors having the major implication in the development of stroke were Hypertension, Alcoholism, Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, Epilepsy, Coronary Artery Disease, Tobacco, and others. Proper management includes non-pharmacological (physiotherapy) along with pharmacological treatment (Osmotic diuretics were most commonly prescribed followed by hypolipidemics, cognition enhancers, anticoagulants, dual antihypertensive therapy)