Clusters in Intense XUV pulses: effects of cluster size on expansion dynamics and ionization

We examine the effect of cluster size on the interaction of Ar$_{55}$-Ar$_{2057}$ with intense extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses, using a model we developed earlier that includes ionization via collisional excitation as an intermediate step. We find that the dynamics of these irradiated clusters is dominated by collisions. Larger clusters are more highly collisional, produce higher charge states, and do so more rapidly than smaller clusters. Higher charge states produced via collisions are found to reduce the overall photon absorption, since charge states of Ar$^{2+}$ and higher are no longer photo-accessible. We call this mechanism \textit{collisionally reduced photoabsorption}, and it decreases the effective cluster photoabsorption cross-section by more than 30% for Ar$_{55}$ and 45% Ar$_{2057}$. compared to gas targets with the same number of atoms. An investigation of the shell structure soon after the laser interaction shows an almost uniformly charged core with a modestly charged outer shell which evolves to a highly charged outer shell through collisions. This leads to the explosion of the outer positive shell and a slow expansion of the core, as was observed in mixed clusters at shorter wavelength [1]. The time evolution of the electron kinetic energy distribution begins as a (mostly) Maxwellian distribution. Larger clusters initially have higher temperature, but are overtaken by smaller temperature after the laser pulse. The electron velocity distribution of large clusters quickly become isotropic while smaller clusters retain the inherent anisotropy created by photoionization.Lastly, the total electron kinetic energy distribution is integrated over the spacial profile of the laser and the log-normal distribution of cluster size for comparison with a recent experiment [2], and good agreement is found.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

No Soldier Left Behind: A Comprehensive Analysis of Veterans’ Treatment Courts

Veterans’ Treatment Courts (VTCs) focus on rehabilitation, rather than incarceration, to address underlying causes of criminal behavior among veterans. Some criminal behavior in this population arises from substance abuse, traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other mental health concerns (Justice for Vets, 2018). In order to determine the effectiveness of VTCs and the services provided, an in-depth and systematic analysis is crucial. In this research, a systematic approach was employed to analyze the current VTC process, participants selected, and recidivism rates among those who complete the sanctioned requirements. Following an adapted meta-analysis framework, evaluations of VTCs were analyzed. No Soldier Left Behind begins by examining the history of VTCs, the participant selection process, the crimes in which veterans commit, and the sanctions put forth in place of incarceration sentences. The primary purpose of this review is to assess recidivism of VTC participants and to identify the correlates of recidivism rates among participants. Although many sources tout that VTC\u27s reduce criminal offending, rigorous evaluations are lacking. The eight studies analyzed in this review suggest that the average recidivism rate of VTC participants is 0.185, and VTC with mentor programs, lower graduation rates, and the possibility to drop criminal charges have the lowest recidivism. However, much more research is needed to fully evaluate the success of VTCs across the US

A SspI PCR-RFLP detecting a silent allele at the goat CSN2 locus

The comparison between the cDNA sequence obtained and the published sequences of the goat CSN2 alleles showed a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (transition C-T) at the 180th nucleotide of the ninth exon. This mutation, which took place at 124 nt from the polyadenylation site, identifies a silent allele at the CSN2 locus named CSN2 A1. Since the 9th exon C-T transition creates a SspI endonuclease restriction site, the SspI digestion of a PCR product of 360 bp spanning the 9th exon and flanking regions, would allow carriers for the presence of thymine to be identified. The allelic frequency of the CSN2 A1 allele, determined in 170 goats belonging to an undefined genetic type reared in the province of Naples (Italy), was 0.23 It has been observed that the sequences in the 3’ untranslated regions (UTR), proximal to the polyadenylation site, can affect the mechanism of mRNA deadenylation and degradation. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the C-T transition might, directly or indirectly, influence the stability of the mRNA and, consequently, the amount of protein produced

Improving On-Demand Single Photon Source Coherence and Indistinguishability Through a Time-Delayed Coherent Feedback

Single photon sources (SPSs) form an essential resource for many quantum information technologies. We demonstrate how the inclusion of coherent feedback in a scalable waveguide system, can significantly improves the two key figures of merit: coherence and indistinguishability. Our feedback protocol is simulated using a quantum trajectory discretized waveguide model which can be used to directly model Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) and Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometers. With the proper choice of the round trip phase, the non-Markovian dynamics from the time-delayed feedback enhances the spontaneous emission rate and improves the coherence and indistinguishability of the SPS by up to 56%. We also show how this mechanism suppresses the effects of unwanted dissipation channels such as off-chip decay and pure dephasing.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

A New Technique for Dealing with Complex Stimuli in Conjoint Analysis

This paper deals with the problem of a large number of multi-attributes stimuli in Conjoint Analysis. The aim of this paper is to critically discuss some specific aspects of the bridging technique originally proposed by Bretton and Clark and to propose an innovative approach based on the same philosophy but on a different estimation method. The new technique is based on several estimation steps. It is able to make the most of the orthogonality properties related to the experimental designs. Furthermore, a validation procedure for the bridging results has been proposed. This procedure allows answering to the general question on the reliability of performing a bridging technique