An electrical probe of the phonon mean-free path spectrum

Most studies of the mean-free path accumulation function (MFPAF) rely on optical techniques to probe heat transfer at length scales on the order of the phonon mean-free path. In this paper, we propose and implement a purely electrical probe of the MFPAF that relies on photo-lithographically defined heater-thermometer separation to set the length scale. An important advantage of the proposed technique is its insensitivity to the thermal interfacial impedance and its compatibility with a large array of temperature-controlled chambers that lack optical ports. Detailed analysis of the experimental data based on the enhanced Fourier law (EFL) demonstrates that heat-carrying phonons in gallium arsenide have a much wider mean-free path spectrum than originally thought

Grama swarajya samithi - Visakhapatnam swachh bharath swachh Vidayala (SBSV) project

Grama Swarajya Samithi (GSS) is a non - governmental organization involved in various developmental activities in Visakhapatnam District and the focus groups are children, women, tribal, rural and urban disadvantaged communities for the last 20 years. The ‘Urban WASH - Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya’ project, a three-year project that aims to promote sanitation, effective use and ownership of school Water, Sanitation and Hygiene infrastructure in 20 GVMC schools in Vishakhapatnam city is implemented through GSS and the benefactors are Plan India, USAID and Coca Cola India Pvt. Ltd. Through this project, around 6,000 girls and boys from 20 Greater Visakha Municipal Corporation (GVMC) schools are getting access to potable water and safe sanitation. It will enhance the capacity of key stakeholders particularly the school children, teachers, School Management Committees (SMCs), functionaries and communities in performing their responsibilities for ensuring quality WASH in schools. The project interventions contribute to the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) through the Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya component. It will address school sanitation and importance of segregation waste into degradable and non-degradable wastes. The project will create replicable models for municipal corporation school improvement program

Documents matches "Temperature- and pressure-dependent Study of 35Cl NQR Frequency and Spin Lattice Relaxation Time in 2,3-dichloroanisole

The temperature and pressure dependence of 35Cl NQR frequency and spin lattice relaxation time (T1) were investigated in 2,3-dichloroanisole. Two NQR signals were observed throughout the temperature and pressure range studied. T1 were measured in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K and from atmospheric pressure to 5 kbar. Relaxation was found to be due to the torsional motion of the molecule and also reorientation of motion of the CH3 group. T1 versus temperature data were analyzed on the basis of Woessner and Gutowsky model, and the activation energy for the reorientation of the CH3 group was estimated. The temperature dependence of the average torsional lifetimes of the molecules and the transition probabilities were also obtained.NQR frequency shows a nonlinear behavior with pressure, indicating both dynamic and static effects of pressure. The pressure coefficients were observed to be positive for both the lines. A thermodynamic analysis of the data was carried out to determine the constant volume temperature coefficients of the NQR frequency. The variation of spin lattice time with pressure was very small, showing that the relaxation is mainly due to the torsional motions of the molecules

A sequential study of circulating immune complexes, complement mediated IC solubilisation and immunoglobulins in borderline tuberculoid patients with and without reactions

Sequential estimates of the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC), complement catabolic fragment C3d, complement-mediated immune complex solubilization (CMS) and immunoglobulins were made in 24 newly diagnosed patients with borderline tuberculoid leprosy over a 20 month period after initiation of chemotherapy. Fourteen of these patients had not suffered from reversal reactions either at the time of presentation or during the follow-up period. The levels of CIC were elevated in them from the third to the eleventh month after starting chemotherapy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were elevated upto eight months. The concentrations of C3d and immunoglobulins A (IgA) and M (IgM) were normal in these patients. The other ten patients had reversal reaction at the time of diagnosis which subsided by the third month after starting treatment. They did not have reversal reactions later. The levels of CIC and IgG were elevated and those of CMS were depressed throughout the study period. Serum C3d level was initially elevated but came down to normal by the third month while IgA and IgM levels were within normal limits. The relevance of these findings to the genesis of reversal reaction is discussed in this communication

Histological and immunological correlates of suspected leprosy lesions

Thirty-two subjects with suspected leprosy lesions were investigated to assess various modalities of sensibility and sweatfunction and these were correlated with immunological and histological parameters. It was found that pain and temperature, mediated by small unmyelinated fibres were impaired in the early lesions. Impairment of sweat function was seen only when one of the modalities of sensibility was also affected Antibodies specific to a protein (35 kDa) antigen and phenolic glycolipid 1 of Mycobacterium leprae were positive in nine and 12 cases respectively, while 15 of the 31 biopsies revealed the presence of mycobacterial antigens in these lesions. The implications of these findings are discussed

Clinical efficacy and mechanistic evaluation of aflibercept for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (acronym CLARITY): a multicentre phase IIb randomised active-controlled clinical trial

Introduction Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the main cause of severe visual loss in people with diabetes mellitus. The standard treatment for this condition is panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). This laser treatment is inherently destructive, with predictable adverse effects on visual function, and a safer alternative is required. Intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors can induce short-term regression of retinal neovascularisation. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to determine the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of intravitreal aflibercept, an inhibitor of VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placental growth factor (PLGF), in PDR, and to investigate the impact on local oxygenation. Methods and analysis This is a phase IIb randomised controlled single-masked multicentre clinical trial to determine the impact of repeated intravitreal aflibercept injections in the treatment and prevention of PDR. 220 participants with treatment-naïve or treated but active retinal neovascularisation in at least one eye will be randomly allocated 1:1 to intravitreal aflibercept injections or PRP for a period of 52�weeks. The primary outcome is the change in best-corrected visual acuity in the study eye at 52�weeks. Secondary outcomes include changes from baseline in other visual functions, anatomical changes and cost-effectiveness. Ocular and non-ocular adverse events will also be reported over 52�weeks. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) committee with respect to scientific content and compliance with applicable research and human subjects� regulations. Findings will be reported through scientific publications and research conferences. The results of this study will provide clinical evidence for the feasibility, efficacy safety and cost-effectiveness of intravitreal aflibercept for PDR