The five preferences for post-traumatic SAH

Acute traumatic brain injury is a worldwide public health crisis. Post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a finding that is present at a frequency of 40% according to data from American TCDB (1,2). Among the mechanisms that have been implicated as causes of post-traumatic SAH is the cortical bleeding through the subarachnoid space. It is estimated that the incidence of post-traumatic SAH is 11% to 60% in patients with traumatic brain injury. The brain CT is considered a technique with good sensitivity, economical and available in many hospitals worldwide. We have reviewed the literature and found some imaging characteristics of post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. We have called “the five preferences for post-traumatic SAH”

Postraumatic pneumorrhachis: Report of three cases and classification proposal

The Pneumorrhachis is the presence of air at the level of the spinal canal. It can have several causes among which are: traumatic, iatrogenic among others. Clinical Cases: We present three cases of male patients handled by our neurosurgery service with traumatic pneumorrhachis patients, which were managed in a conservative manner, with control images. Conclusions: pneumorrhachis has traditionally been classified as internal if air is present in the subdural or subarachnoid space and external if the air is located at the epidural level. We propose a classification in degrees (Moscote-Agrawal-Padilla) which is more practical from the clinical and radiological point of view

Unusual cranial trauma caused by pencil in teenager: Case report

Introduction: Penetrating lesions by pencil in the temporal lobe in children and adolescents are uncommon. We present the case of a teenager with penetrating injury by strange object in the temporal lobe. Case: Twelve years old male patient, with history of trauma while he was playing with his friends, presents alteration of the consciousness state, weakness in right hemibody and dysphasia. Urgent surgery is practiced employing an incision in "C" form with improvement of the consciousness state during post-operative. Discussion: Penetrating lesions in the skull and brain are classified as missiles and non-missiles depending of their impact velocity. The wood is a porous organic material that provide a natural deposit of microbian agents, making it potentially lethal. Pre-operative radiological evaluation allows check the trajectory of the penetrating object and secondary lesions present guiding de neurosurgical approach. The prognostic depends on penetration site, timely handling and complications associated. Conclusion: Penetrating lesions by pencil are uncommon, an appropriate imaging evaluation is fundamental to determine the neurosurgical approach that allows prevent and/or decrease secondary damage

Intradural spinal neurocysticercosis: Case presentation

Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the larvae of the Taenia solium. Spinal cord involvement is very uncommon. Clinical case: A female patient with a history of NCC presented with chronic and recurrent headache associated with motor and sensory deficit, which develops tonic-clonic convulsion, with spatial disorientation. She also had intracranial hypertension syndrome, meningitis syndrome, and pyramidal sygns suggestive of spinal NCC. Conclusions: Neurocysticercosis usually occurs in developing countries and should be considered as a differential diagnosis of neurological diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory, as well as education to the community to primary prevention

Meningitis aséptica de Mollaret: caso ilustrativo

Mollaret meningitis or recurrent aseptic meningitis is a very rare disorder, whose known causes include viral and bacterial infections, these being the most knowledgeable, as well as noninfectious components that in principle make diagnosis difficult, among which They find the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Behcet's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, Kikuchi Fujimoto's disease and relapsing polychondritis. Recurrent aseptic meningitis is self-limiting, therefore, its diagnostic and therapeutic component is related to the clinic and the skill of the clinician.La meningitis de Mollaret o meningitis aséptica recurrente es un trastorno muy poco frecuente, cuyas causas conocidas comprenden las infecciones virales y bacterianas, siendo estas las de mayor conocimiento, además de componentes no infecciosos que en principio dificultan el diagnóstico del cuadro, entre los que se encuentran el síndrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, la enfermedad de Behcet, el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), el síndrome de Sjogren, la sarcoidosis, la enfermedad Kikuchi Fujimoto y la policondritis recidivante. La meningitis aséptica recurrente es de resolución autolimitada, por tanto, su componente diagnóstico y terapéutico mantiene relación con la clínica y la habilidad del clínico

Incidencia de la enfermedad de Fabry en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica atendidos en tres centros de salud del departamento de Atlántico, Colombia. 2017-2018: Incidence of Fabry disease in patients with chronic kidney disease in three Atlantic health centers during 2017-2018

Introduction: Fabry's disease consists of a lysosomal defect linked to the X chromosome that produces the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different tissues. The clinical manifestations depend on the age of presentation, and includes skin lesions, acroparesthesia, pain crisis, anhidrosis, corneal opacities and hearing loss, among others. Objectives: Calculate the incidence of Fabry disease in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Methodology: An ambispective study was designed, including all patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease under medical control in three renal prevention centers located in the department of Atlántico, and which also met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, the review of the medical records and the sampling were carried out. Results: A total of 471 patients with chronic kidney disease were identified, with an overall incidence of 21.23 cases per 1000 people. However, only 20% were confirmed by genetic tests. Conclusions: The incidence of Fabry disease in the population studied is greater than that reported in other cohorts. In addition, it is more frequent in the female sex.Introducción: La enfermedad de Fabry consiste en un defecto lisosomal caracterizado por la alteración de la enzima (alfa-galactosidasa A) lo que produce el acúmulo de glucoesfingolípidos en diferentes tejidos. Este defecto enzimático está ligado al cromosoma X y por ende es más frecuente en hombres. Las manifestaciones clínicas varían de acuerdo al grupo etario afectado e incluye frecuentemente lesiones en piel, anhidrosis, opacidades corneales, crisis de dolor, daño renal, entre otros. Objetivos: Calcular la incidencia de enfermedad de Fabry en pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal Crónica Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio ambispectivo, cuya población de estudio abarcó a los pacientes con diagnóstico de Enfermedad Renal crónica, que asistían a controles médicos en tres centros de prevención renal ubicados en el departamento del Atlántico, y que además cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Posteriormente se realizó la revisión de las historias clínicas y la toma de muestras. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 471 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, con una incidencia global de 21,23 casos por cada 1000 personas, cuya actividad de la alfa galactosidasa se encontró baja. Sin embargo, solo el 20% fueron confirmadas mediante pruebas genéticas. Conclusiones: La incidencia de la enfermedad de Fabry en la población estudiada es mayor a la reportada en otras cohortes y fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino