O emprego no terceiro setor: uma análise comparativa

Dissertações de mestrado em Economia SocialCom a proliferação de Organizações Sem Fins Lucrativos que se encaixam, juridicamente, num terceiro setor que não pertence ao Estado nem ao Mercado, torna-se pertinente analisar o impacto deste na economia atual. Assim, com o presente estudo pretende-se analisar quais as determinantes que permitiram o crescimento e a solidificação do Terceiro Setor, bem como as taxas de empregabilidade e os salários que apresenta. Pretendeu-se dar especial enfoque às razões da expansão, importância e dimensão do Terceiro Setor, articulando e analisando as diferentes concepções teóricas e aos dados estatísticos existentes. Após ter-se destacado, nos diferentes estudos, as variáveis (PIB, nível de impostos, intervenção estatal, taxas de pobreza) que justificam a expansão do Terceiro Setor, procurou-se, através de testes econométricos, corroborar a existência de uma relação positiva entre ambos. Salienta-se que, definitivamente, a população ativa, a taxa de crescimento de um país (PIB) e a dimensão da agricultura são determinantes para o crescimento do Terceiro Setor. Quanto à questão da empregabilidade, nomeadamente, os salários auferidos no Terceiro Setor, as variáveis PIB e o nível de impostos de um país surgem associados positivamente. Apesar de existir diferentes teorias e causas para o crescimento deste setor é indubitável que esta proliferação do Terceiro Setor apresenta múltiplas causas e teve o seu auge nas últimas décadas, apresentando um impacto significativo na economia e desenvolvimento local e global. Num momento de conjuntura económica e social torna-se um desafio perceber como o Terceiro Setor irá responder e continuar trilhar o seu percurso.With the proliferation of Nonprofit Organizations that fit, legally, in a Third Sector that does not belong to the State neither to the Market, it becomes relevant to analyze the impact of this sector on the current economy. Thus, the present study aims the analysis of the determinants which allowed the growth and the solidification of this Third Sector, as well as the assessment of the employment rates and wages in the sector. Special attention is given to the reasons of the development, size and importance of the Third Sector, being the diverse theoretical concepts and statistical data articulated and analyzed. Hence, after becoming prominent from different studies which variables justify the growth of the Third Sector (GDP, taxes, state intervention and poverty rates), we try, through econometric tests, to corroborate the existence of a positive relationship between them. It is observed that the active population, the growth rate of a country (measured by the GDP) and the size of agriculture indeed are crucial variables to the enlargement of the sector. About the employability subject, including the earned wages in the sector, the variables GDP and the level of taxes in a country appear positively associated. Although there are different theories and reasons for the growth of this sector, it is indubitable that this proliferation has multiple causes and had its heyday in the recent decades, with a significant impact on the economy and local and global development. At a time of economic and social crises, it becomes a challenge to see how the Third Sector responds and continues his own maturity

Higher education, stakeholders and collaborative work for entrepreneurial learning

Institutions of Higher Education can provide, in their internal environment, entrepreneurial learning opportunities for students stimulating new attitudes and behaviours towards entrepreneurship. The Portuguese universities have diversified their strategies to promote formal, informal and non formal entrepreneurial learning that can be encouraged in various strategies. The participation of key actors and stakeholders involved in awareness,mentoring and project implementation of the entrepreneurial learning process is crucial for collaborating work in a competitive world. Moreover, obtaining employment is increasingly dependent on not only the potentials of individuals, but also, and even more, the ability to build solid networks of partnerships in science and innovation and employment. Within the scope of the ongoing project "Entrepreneurial Learning, Cooperation and the Labour Market: Good Practice in Higher Education" this paper aims to highlight the importance of non formal and informal learning and to contribute to the reflection regarding added value of inter organizational cooperation and collaborative work

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data