EXODONTIA DE TERCEIRO MOLAR E PROCEDIMENTO RESTAURADOR EM PACIENTE PORTADOR DE HIV: RELATO DE CASO

O atendimento a pacientes portadores do vírus HIV é um assunto preocupante na área odontológica, visto que é uma forma, ainda que pouco comum, de adquirir a doença, pois durante os procedimentos odontológicos existe grande contato com sangue e saliva. O objetivo com o presente relato foi demonstrar a necessidade de exodontia de terceiros molares em casos em que a reabilitação restauradora proximal do segundo molar se faz necessária. Paciente do sexo masculino, 55 anos, leucoderma, portador do vírus HIV, procurou a clínica integrada de Odontologia da Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina de Joaçaba com a finalidade de melhorar sua saúde bucal. Nas consultas seguintes, observou-se uma lesão cariosa localizada nas faces proximais dos dentes 27 e 28, ou seja, na face distal do 27 e na face mesial do 28. Optou-se então, pela exodontia do elemento 28. Após a extração, a conduta adotada para a resolução da lesão cariosa na face distal do elemento 27 foi o procedimento restaurador, em que se optou pela resina composta, pois o dente não apresentava grande perda de estrutura ou comprometimento de regiões anatômicas de reforço, como cúspide e cristas marginais. Nesse contexto, para proporcionar melhor qualidade de saúde bucal, em alguns casos se torna necessário realizar a exodontia de alguns elementos para possibilitar a manutenção de outros. Além disso, a resina composta tem o papel de reabilitar as condições orais do paciente de forma duradoura e harmoniosa, gerando bem-estar e conforto. O atendimento ao paciente portador do vírus HIV exige atenção aos cuidados com biossegurança buscando evitar uma contaminação cruzada, porém esses pacientes portadores do vírus HIV, quando sua saúde não apresentar complicações sistêmicas, podem ser atendidos sem restrição em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos.Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida. Cirurgia bucal. Cárie dentária

FAPESP AP 2017/22312-5 - Effects of human and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) on immortalized cells derived from nasopharyngeal epithelium in vitro

Files related to project entitled "Effects of human and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) on immortalized cells derived from nasopharyngeal epithelium in vitro", supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP

EXODONTIA DE TERCEIRO MOLAR E PROCEDIMENTO RESTAURADOR EM PACIENTE PORTADOR DE HIV: RELATO DE CASO

O atendimento a pacientes portadores do vírus HIV é um assunto preocupante na área odontológica, visto que é uma forma, ainda que pouco comum, de adquirir a doença, pois durante os procedimentos odontológicos existe grande contato com sangue e saliva. O objetivo com o presente relato foi demonstrar a necessidade de exodontia de terceiros molares em casos em que a reabilitação restauradora proximal do segundo molar se faz necessária. Paciente do sexo masculino, 55 anos, leucoderma, portador do vírus HIV, procurou a clínica integrada de Odontologia da Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina de Joaçaba com a finalidade de melhorar sua saúde bucal. Nas consultas seguintes, observou-se uma lesão cariosa localizada nas faces proximais dos dentes 27 e 28, ou seja, na face distal do 27 e na face mesial do 28. Optou-se então, pela exodontia do elemento 28. Após a extração, a conduta adotada para a resolução da lesão cariosa na face distal do elemento 27 foi o procedimento restaurador, em que se optou pela resina composta, pois o dente não apresentava grande perda de estrutura ou comprometimento de regiões anatômicas de reforço, como cúspide e cristas marginais. Nesse contexto, para proporcionar melhor qualidade de saúde bucal, em alguns casos se torna necessário realizar a exodontia de alguns elementos para possibilitar a manutenção de outros. Além disso, a resina composta tem o papel de reabilitar as condições orais do paciente de forma duradoura e harmoniosa, gerando bem-estar e conforto. O atendimento ao paciente portador do vírus HIV exige atenção aos cuidados com biossegurança buscando evitar uma contaminação cruzada, porém esses pacientes portadores do vírus HIV, quando sua saúde não apresentar complicações sistêmicas, podem ser atendidos sem restrição em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos.Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida. Cirurgia bucal. Cárie dentária

A Recombinant Chimeric Protein-Based Vaccine Containing T-Cell Epitopes from Amastigote Proteins and Combined with Distinct Adjuvants, Induces Immunogenicity and Protection against <i>Leishmania infantum</i> Infection

Currently, there is no licensed vaccine to protect against human visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease caused by infection with Leishmania parasites. In the current study, a recombinant chimeric protein ChimT was developed based on T-cell epitopes identified from the immunogenic Leishmania amastigote proteins LiHyp1, LiHyV, LiHyC and LiHyG. ChimT was associated with the adjuvants saponin (Sap) or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and used to immunize mice, and their immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated. Both ChimT/Sap and ChimT/MPLA induced the development of a specific Th1-type immune response, with significantly high levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α and GM-CSF cytokines produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes (p p p p p > 0.05), ChimT/MPLA was preferred since ChimT/Sap induced transient edema in the inoculation site. ChimT also induced high IFN-γ and low IL-10 levels from human PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals and from VL-treated patients. In conclusion, the experimental T-cell multi-epitope amastigote stage Leishmania vaccine administered with adjuvants appears to be a promising vaccine candidate to protect against VL

A candidate vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis based on a specific T cell epitope-containing chimeric protein protects mice against Leishmania infantum infection

Leishmaniases are neglected diseases caused by infection with Leishmania parasites and there are currently no prophylactic vaccines. In this study, we designed in silico a synthetic recombinant vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) called ChimeraT, which contains specific T-cell epitopes from Leishmania Prohibitin, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5a and the hypothetical LiHyp1 and LiHyp2 proteins. Subcutaneous delivery of ChimeraT plus saponin stimulated a Th1 cell-mediated immune response and protected mice against L. infantum infection, significantly reducing the parasite load in distinct organs. ChimeraT/saponin vaccine stimulated significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and GM-CSF cytokines by both murine CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, with correspondingly low levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Induced antibodies were predominantly IgG2a isotype and homologous antigen-stimulated spleen cells produced significant nitrite as a proxy for nitric oxide. ChimeraT also induced lymphoproliferative responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from VL patients after treatment and healthy subjects, as well as higher IFN-γ and lower IL-10 secretion into cell supernatants. Thus, ChimeraT associated with a Th1 adjuvant could be considered as a potential vaccine candidate to protect against human disease. </p

ChimLeish, a new recombinant chimeric protein evaluated as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease of global importance caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, and coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is common in countries where both diseases are endemic. In particular, widely used immunological tests for VL diagnosis have impaired sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in VL/HIV coinfected patients and there is also cross-reactivity with other endemic diseases, e.g., Chagas disease, malaria, and tuberculosis. To develop new antigens to improve the diagnosis of VL and VL/HIV coinfection, we predicted eight specific B-cell epitopes of four Leishmania infantum antigens and constructed a recombinant polypeptide chimera antigen called ChimLeish. A serological panel of 195 serum samples was used to compare the diagnostic capabilities of ChimLeish alongside the individual synthetic peptides. ChimLeish reacted with sera from all VL and VL/HIV coinfected patients [Se = 100%; Sp = 100%; area under the curve (AUC) = 1.0]. Peptides showed lower reactivities (Se = 76.8 to 99.2%; Sp = 67.1 to 95.7%; AUC between 0.87 and 0.98) as did a L. infantum antigenic preparation used as an antigen control (Se = 56.8%; Sp = 69.5%: AUC = 0.45). Notably, ChimLeish demonstrated a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05) of anti-ChimLeish antibodies after treatment and cure of a small number of patients. Although only a limited serological panel was tested, preliminary data suggest that ChimLeish should be evaluated in larger sample studies for the diagnosis of VL and VL/HIV coinfection.</p

Sensitive and specific serodiagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis using a new chimeric protein based on specific B-cell epitopes of Leishmania antigenic proteins

Serological tests used for the diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) presents problems, mainly related to their variable sensitivity and/or specificity, which can be caused by low levels of antileishmanial antibodies or by presence of cross-reactive diseases, respectively. In this context, the search for new antigenic candidates presenting higher sensitivity and specificity is urgently required. In the present study, the amino acid sequences of the LiHyT, LiHyD, LiHyV, and LiHyP proteins, which were previously showed to be antigenic in the visceral leishmaniasis (VL), were evaluated and eight B-cell epitopes were predicted and used for construction of gene codifying a chimeric protein called ChimLeish. The protein was expressed, purified and evaluated as a recombinant antigen in ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) for the diagnosis of TL. The own B cell epitopes used to construct the chimera were synthetized and also evaluated as antigens, as well as a soluble Leishmania braziliensis antigenic extract (SLA). Results showed that ChimLeish presented 100% sensitivity and specificity to diagnose TL, while synthetic peptides showed sensitivity varying from 9.1% to 90.9%, while specificity reached from 98.3% to 99.1%. SLA showed sensitivity and specificity of 18.2% and 98.3%, respectively. A preliminary prognostic evaluation showed that anti-ChimLeish IgG antibodies declined in significant levels, when serological reactivity was compared before and six months after treatment, suggesting also a possible prognostic role of this antigen for TL

Liposomal formulation of ChimeraT, a multiple T-Cell epitope-containing recombinant protein, is a candidate vaccine for human visceral Leishmaniasis

Background: Leishmaniases are neglected diseases caused by infection with Leishmania parasites and there are no human vaccines in use routinely. The purpose of this study was to examine the immunogenicity of ChimeraT, a novel synthetic recombinant vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), incorporated into a human-compatible liposome formulation. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with ChimeraT/liposome vaccine, ChimeraT/saponin adjuvant, or ChimeraT/saline and immune responses examined in vitro and in vivo. Results: Immunization with the ChimeraT/liposome formulation induced a polarized Th1-type response and significant protection against L. infantum infection. ChimeraT/liposome vaccine stimulated significantly high levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokines by both CD4 and CD8 T-cells, with correspondingly lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines. Induced antibodies were predominantly IgG2a isotype, and homologous antigen-stimulated spleen cells produced significant nitrite as a proxy for nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, we examined a small number of treated VL patients and found higher levels of circulating anti-ChimeraT protein IgG2 antibodies, compared to IgG1 levels. Conclusions: Overall, the liposomal formulation of ChimeraT induced a protective Th1-type immune response and thus could be considered in future studies as a vaccine candidate against human VL.</p

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a new Leishmania hypothetical protein applied as a DNA vaccine or in a recombinant form against Leishmania infantum infection.

Vaccination is one the most important strategies for the prevention of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In the current study, a new Leishmania hypothetical protein, LiHyP, which was previously showed as antigenic in an immunoproteomic search in canine VL, was evaluated regarding its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against Leishmania infantum infection. The effects of the immunization using LiHyP were evaluated when administered as a DNA plasmid (DNA LiHyP) or recombinant protein (rLiHyP) associated with saponin. The immunity elicited by both vaccination regimens reduced the parasitism in liver, spleen, bone marrow and draining lymph nodes, being associated with high levels of IFN-?, IL-12, GM-CSF, and specific IgG2a antibody, besides low production of IL-4, IL-10, and protein and parasite-specific IgG1 antibodies. CD4+ T cells contributed more significantly to IFN-? production in the rLiHyP/saponin group, while CD8+ T cells were more important in the production of this cytokine in the DNA LiHyP group. In addition, increased IFN-? secretion, along with low levels of IL-10, were found when PBMCs from treated VL subject and healthy individuals were stimulated with the recombinant protein. In conclusion, when administered either as a DNA plasmid or recombinant protein, LiHyP can direct the immune response towards a Th1 immune profile, protecting animals against L. infantum infection; therefore, it can be seen as a promising immunogen against human VL

B-Cell Epitopes-Based Chimeric Protein from SARS-CoV-2 N and S Proteins Is Recognized by Specific Antibodies in Serum and Urine Samples from Patients

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus underscored the crucial role of laboratorial tests as a strategy to control the disease, mainly to indicate the presence of specific antibodies in human samples from infected patients. Therefore, suitable recombinant antigens are relevant for the development of reliable tests, and so far, single recombinant proteins have been used. In this context, B-cell epitopes-based chimeric proteins can be an alternative to obtain tests with high accuracy through easier and cheaper production. The present study used bioinformatics tools to select specific B-cell epitopes from the spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, aiming to produce a novel recombinant chimeric antigen (N4S11-SC2). Eleven S and four N-derived B-cell epitopes were predicted and used to construct the N4S11-SC2 protein, which was analyzed in a recombinant format against serum and urine samples, by means of an in house-ELISA. Specific antibodies were detected in the serum and urine samples of COVID-19 patients, which were previously confirmed by qRT-PCR. Results showed that N4S11-SC2 presented 83.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity when using sera samples, and 91.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity using urine samples. Comparable findings were achieved with paired urine samples when compared to N and S recombinant proteins expressed in prokaryotic systems. However, better results were reached for N4S11-SC2 in comparison to the S recombinant protein when using paired serum samples. Anti-N4S11-SC2 antibodies were not clearly identified in Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19-vaccinated subjects, using serum or paired urine samples. In conclusion, this study presents a new chimeric recombinant antigen expressed in a prokaryotic system that could be considered as an alternative diagnostic marker for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the potential benefits to be used on serum or urine from infected patients