Chiasma crurale: intersection of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons above the ankle. Magnetic resonance imaging-anatomic correlation in cadavers

Purpose: To determine the precise anatomy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of the chiasma crurale in cadavers, paying special attention to degenerative changes Material and methods: Twelve fresh human ankles were harvested from 11 nonembalmed cadavers (mean age at death 77years) and used according to institutional guidelines. MR imaging and MR tenography were used to investigate the anatomy of the chiasma crurale using proton density-weighted sequences. The gross anatomy of the chiasma crurale was evaluated and compared to the MR imaging findings. Histology was used to elucidate further the structure of the chiasma crurale. Results: Above the chiasma, five specimens had a small amount of fat tissue between the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendon. In all specimens both tendons had a sheath below the chiasma but not above it. At the central portion of the chiasma there was no soft tissue between the tendons, except in two specimens that showed an anatomic variant consisting of a thick septum connecting the tibial periosteum and the deep transverse fascia of the leg. In MR images, eight specimens showed what were believed to be degenerative changes in the tendons at the level of the chiasma. However, during gross inspection and histologic analysis of the specimens, there was no tendon degeneration visible. Conclusion: At the central portion of the chiasma, there is no tissue between the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons unless there is an anatomic variant. At the chiasma crurale, areas with irregular tendon surfaces are normal findings and are not associated with tendon degeneration (fraying

Can osseous landmarks in the distal medial humerus be used to identify the attachment sites of ligaments and tendons: paleopathologic-anatomic imaging study in cadavers

Objective: To describe osseous landmarks that allow identification of the attachments of the ligaments and tendons in the distal medial aspect of the humerus. Materials and methods: Reliable osseous landmarks in the distal medial aspect of the humerus were identified in 34 well-preserved specimens from a paleopathologic collection. These osseous landmarks were then sought in magnetic resonance (MR) images of ten cadaveric elbow specimens so that the ease of their visualization and optimal imaging plane could be assessed. To assign these osseous landmarks to specific attachments of the tendons and ligaments in the distal medial humerus, we cut the specimens in slices and photographed and examined them. Subsequently, the prevalence of these osseous landmarks as well as the attachment sites of the tendons and ligaments in this location was determined. Results: We determined ten reliable osseous landmarks in the distal medial aspect of the humerus, their prevalence and ease of identification, and their relationship to the attachments of the tendons and ligaments at the medial distal humerus. Conclusion: It is possible to use osseous landmarks at the distal medial humerus to facilitate identification of the different attachments of tendons and ligaments when MR images of the elbow are assesse

Can osseous landmarks in the distal medial humerus be used to identify the attachment sites of ligaments and tendons: paleopathologic–anatomic imaging study in cadavers

Objective: To describe osseous landmarks that allow identification of the attachments of the ligaments and tendons in the distal medial aspect of the humerus. Materials and methods: Reliable osseous landmarks in the distal medial aspect of the humerus were identified in 34 well-preserved specimens from a paleopathologic collection. These osseous landmarks were then sought in magnetic resonance (MR) images of ten cadaveric elbow specimens so that the ease of their visualization and optimal imaging plane could be assessed. To assign these osseous landmarks to specific attachments of the tendons and ligaments in the distal medial humerus, we cut the specimens in slices and photographed and examined them. Subsequently, the prevalence of these osseous landmarks as well as the attachment sites of the tendons and ligaments in this location was determined. Results: We determined ten reliable osseous landmarks in the distal medial aspect of the humerus, their prevalence and ease of identification, and their relationship to the attachments of the tendons and ligaments at the medial distal humerus. Conclusion: It is possible to use osseous landmarks at the distal medial humerus to facilitate identification of the different attachments of tendons and ligaments when MR images of the elbow are assesse

Avalia??o tridimensional das extremidades inferiores de crian?as e adolescentes utilizando um sistema biplanar de radiografia de baixa dose

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437518.pdf: 979761 bytes, checksum: 6266295996c6c1cfd221e03f970a06e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01Objectives: To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the lower extremity using a biplanar low-dose X-ray device in children and adolescents. Methods: In the first part of this study, 3D measurements of eight dried bones were analyzed by a biplanar low-dose X-ray device(LDX) using stereoscopic software and compared with 3D Computed Tomography (CT). In the second part, 47 lower limbs of children and adolescents were studied using LDX two-dimensional (2D) and 3D measurements. Both parts evaluated: femoral and tibial lengths, femoral and tibial mechanical angles, frontal and lateral knee angulations, and the femoral neck-shaft angle. Results: The 3D specimen comparison between LDX and CT measurements showed no significant differences: femoral length (p: 0.069), tibial length(p: 0.059), femoral mechanical angle (p: 0.475), tibial mechanical angle (p: 0.067), frontal knee angulation (p: 0.198), lateral knee angulation (p: 0.646) and femoral neck-shaft angle(p:0.068). The comparison between LDX 2D and 3D measurements in patients showed significant differences in tibial length (p: 0.003), femoral mechanical angle (p<0.001) and femoral neck-shaft angle (p: 0.001); other parameters were unremarkable. Conclusions: The 3D LDX system presented accurate measurements compared with 3D CT. Differences between LDX 2D and 3D measurements were noted in the femoral mechanical angle, femoral neck-shaft angle and tibial length. Moderate to good interobserver agreement for the 3D LDX measurements were found.Objetivos: Avaliar as medidas tridimensionais(3D) das extremidades inferiores utilizando um sistema biplanar de baixa dose de radia??o (LDX) em crian?as e adolescentes. M?todos: Na primeira parte do estudo, medidas 3D de oito esp?cimes foram analisadas pelo LDX utilizando um programa estereosc?pico e comparadas com medidas 3D da tomografia computadorizada (TC). Na segunda parte, 47 membros inferiores de crian?as e adolescentes foram estudados utilizando medidas bi e tridimensionais. Foram avaliados: os comprimentos femoral e tibial, os ?ngulos mec?nicos femoral e tibial, as angula??es frontal e lateral do joelho e o ?ngulo c?rvico-diafis?rio. Resultados: A compara??o entre as medidas 3D pelo LDX e a TC dos esp?cimes n?o mostraram diferen?as significativas:comprimento femoral (p: 0,069), comprimento tibial (p:0,059), ?ngulo femoral mec?nico (p: 0,475), ?ngulo tibial mec?nico (p: 0,067), angula??o frontal do joelho (p: 0,198), angula??o lateral do joelho (p: 0,646) e ?ngulo c?rvico-diafis?rio (p: 0,068). A compara??o entre as medidas bi e tridimensionais nos pacientes mostraram diferen?as significativas no comprimento tibial (p: 0,003), ?ngulo femoral mec?nico (p<0.001) e ?ngulo c?rvico-diafis?rio (p: 0,001); os outros par?metros n?o demonstraram altera??es significativas. Conclus?es: As medidas tridimensionais do LDX apresentam boa acur?cia quando comparadas com as medidas tridimensionais da TC. Diferen?as entre as medidas bi e tridimensionais do LDX foram observadas no comprimento tibial, ?ngulo femoral mec?nico e ?ngulo c?rvico-diafis?rio. Moderadas e boas concord?ncias interobservadores foram encontradas para as medidas tridimensionais do LDX

Chiasma crurale: intersection of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons above the ankle. Magnetic resonance imaging–anatomic correlation in cadavers

Purpose: To determine the precise anatomy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of the chiasma crurale in cadavers, paying special attention to degenerative changes Material and methods: Twelve fresh human ankles were harvested from 11 nonembalmed cadavers (mean age at death 77years) and used according to institutional guidelines. MR imaging and MR tenography were used to investigate the anatomy of the chiasma crurale using proton density-weighted sequences. The gross anatomy of the chiasma crurale was evaluated and compared to the MR imaging findings. Histology was used to elucidate further the structure of the chiasma crurale. Results: Above the chiasma, five specimens had a small amount of fat tissue between the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendon. In all specimens both tendons had a sheath below the chiasma but not above it. At the central portion of the chiasma there was no soft tissue between the tendons, except in two specimens that showed an anatomic variant consisting of a thick septum connecting the tibial periosteum and the deep transverse fascia of the leg. In MR images, eight specimens showed what were believed to be degenerative changes in the tendons at the level of the chiasma. However, during gross inspection and histologic analysis of the specimens, there was no tendon degeneration visible. Conclusion: At the central portion of the chiasma, there is no tissue between the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons unless there is an anatomic variant. At the chiasma crurale, areas with irregular tendon surfaces are normal findings and are not associated with tendon degeneration (fraying