Fluoropolymer as dielectric in organic field effect transistor (OFET)

Fluoropolymer is a type of dielectric material that have been used in fabricating Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT). Dielectric layer is one of the layers that make OTFT. It is the layer that sort the electric field that can be used. Fluoropolymer have unique characteristics that can be utilized for fabrication of OTFT. Fluoropolymer is low dielectric contact material which is needed in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) to breakdown the parasitic capacitance that affect the value of current flow. Drop cast technique has been used as depositing method on interdigitated electrode (IDE) on glass substrate. The length of the channel is varied to study the IV characteristic. Current- voltage (I-V) measurements have been used to measure the resistance at the different channel length. The value of resistivity can give some impact to the OFET device

Synthetic graphite production of oil palm trunk chip at various heating rate via pyrolisis process

Synthetic graphite was synthesized from oil palm trunk chip in controlled heating condition or pyrolysis process. The heating rate (5 °/min, 10 °/min and 20 °/min) were varied whilst the heating temperature at 800 °C was fixed. After heat treatment process, the samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and analyzed using X’Pert Highscore Plus software. Graphite phase was analysed by XRD and it was further supported by RAMAN spectroscopy analysis to confirm the graphitic nature of the synthetic graphite obtained. The morphological study was carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on the analysis, it was confirm that synthetic graphite was successfully synthesized by heat treatment at 800 °C (20 °/min heating rate). Synthetic graphite were observed in the form of amorphous carbon based on the XRD diffraction pattern that match with the reference code of 00-041-1487. RAMAN spectroscopy also showed the formation on D, G and 2D peaks at the respective wavenumber of 1250 cm-1, 1625 cm-1 and 2700 cm-1

Preliminary results of electrical characterization of GO towards MCF7 and MCF10a at different concentrations

GO is the 2D carbon sheet with additional functional groups, is more stable in various solvents, easy to be produced and manipulated especially in biological system. At the moment, GO is only utilized as the drug delivery agent during treatment. In this study, the resistivity of GO towards breast cancer cell (MCF7) and normal breast cell (MCF10a) using interdigitated electrodes (IDE) were investigated. The interaction of different concentrations of GO as the sensing material on the tested cells which act as analyte can change electrical response. The tested cell were treated with six different concentrations of GO and was dropped to the IDE with different period of time in order to examine electrical behavior. For MCF10a, at high concentration the resistances of MCF10 remain in the same order of magnitude with increasing time of detection while for MCF7 at high concentration, the resistances were greatly influenced by the time of detection where the value significantly changed after 5 minutes and 10 minutes. The number of viable cell does not give effect to the resistance

Electrical characterization of GO at different pH towards MCF7 and MCF10a: preliminary result

The intracellular pH of cancerous cell is commonly acidic while the intracellular pH of normal cell is neutral. The objective of this study is to study the electrical characterization in terms of resistance between the pH of sensing material with the intracellular pH of the cells. Three different pH of Graphene Oxide (GO) were used as a solvent to analyze their interaction towards breast cancer cells (MCF7) and breast normal cells (MCF10a). GO which produced by Hummer's method was used due to their solubility and biocompatibility characteristics which easily diffuse through the cell. In this experiment, the characteristics of GO were analyzed and confirmed by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In order to measure the resistance of MCF7 and MCF10a cells after treated with GO for 24 hours, gold electrodes with 10 μ-gaps of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) were used. The results were obtained for three periods of time which were immediate, 5 minutes and 10 minutes after the treated cells being exposed at room temperature. The results show that the resistance of MCF10a cells increased after treated with higher pH of GO which is pH 7 and the resistances of the MCF7 cells decreased as the pH of GO increased to pH 7. Finally, the viable cells were calculated by using haemocytometer in order to prove that the increased of the resistances were due to the increased number of viable cells

Stimulation of innate and adaptive immune cells with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide affect cancer progression

Sole nanomaterials or nanomaterials bound to specific biomolecules have been proposed to regulate the immune system. These materials have now emerged as new tools for eliciting immune-based therapies to treat various cancers. Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) are the latest nanomaterials among other carbon nanotubes that have attracted wide interest among medical industry players due to their extraordinary properties, inert-state, non-toxic and stable dispersion in a various solvent. Currently, GO and rGO are utilized in various biomedical application including cancer immunotherapy. This review will highlight studies that have been carried out in elucidating the stimulation of GO and rGO on selected innate and adaptive immune cells and their effect on cancer progression to shed some insights for researchers in the development of various GO- and rGO-based immune therapies against various cancers

Jelang satu abad muhammadiyah Aceh: sejarah perkembangan dan harapan masa depan

x, 161 hlm. : ilus. ; tab. ; 21 cm

Synthesis and conductivity studies of poly (Methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by co-polymerization and blending with polyaniline (PANi)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a lightweight insulating polymer that possesses good mechanical stability. On the other hand, polyaniline (PANi) is one of the most favorable conducting materials to be used, as it is easily synthesized, cost-effective, and has good conductivity. However, most organic solvents have restricted potential applications due to poor mechanical properties and dispersibility. Compared to PANi, PMMA has more outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as good dimensional stability and better molecular interactions between the monomers. To date, many research studies have focused on incorporating PANi into PMMA. In this review, the properties and suitability of PANi as a conducting material are briefly reviewed. The major parts of this paper reviewed different approaches to incorporating PANi into PMMA, as well as evaluating the modifications to improve its conductivity. Finally, the polymerization condition to prepare PMMA/PANi copolymer to improve its conductivity is also discussed