Study of simple pendulum using tracker video analysis and high speed camera: an interactive approach to analyze oscillatory motion

In this paper, we report on the use of Tracker video analysis and high speed camera as an interactive approach to study oscillatory motion of a simple pendulum. Tracker software is basically a computer based learning tool and is preferred because it is free, user friendly and support effective learning and teaching. Combining with the high speed camera that records the motion of pendulum at a frame rate up to 1000 frames per second (fps), analysis of the motion is performed at different angles and video qualities. The periods obtained from the experiment are then compared with the exact period expression and Lima and Arun approximation in order to determine how well this approach suited for the large angle approximation. Results have shown that when the video qualities improved, errors are minimal but errors increased when the angle increased. This research finding shows that this approach is feasible in studying the motion of simple pendulum and at the same time, interactive and inexpensive

Hysteresis Characterization andCompensation of Smart Material-BasedActuators via a New Modified Bouc-WenModel

芝浦工業大学2016年

Frame Optimization using Neural Network

The development of Neural-network (NN) technology stemmed from the desire to create an artificial system that could perform “intelligent” tasks similar to those performed by the human brain. In this paper the performance of NN to the structural optimization concept of frame structure is presented. The optimum set of frame designs is obtained using Finite Element (FE) software where stress and displacement constraints has been chosen as the optimum criteria. The optimized data then used to train the NN through Back Propagation Neural-network technique (BPNN) to identify the capability of this strategy to predict the exact data. Three case studies were performed with different complexity of structural configuration. Result indicates the Neural-network capable of predicting the exact solution with proper training but this ability depends on the complexity of the frame structural optimization itself

Development of a Pico-Hydro Generating System with SES-BMS for Domestic Use

Non-renewable resources have decreased significantly over the past decade, whereas, the current renewable energy system is expensive and more focused on large-scale use. The goal of this project was to design a user-friendly pico-hydro system with a Smart Energy Storage Battery Management System (SES-BMS) to utilize the potential of domestic water flow while saving energy consumption and daily costs. The overall system is a combination of the standard pipeline, a pico-turbine, the SES-BMS and a simple light source. The flow of water is utilized by converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. The design was performed by using the Engineering Design Process (EDP) with coding via Arduino microcontroller. The main outcome of this project was a proof of concept that showed the potential for domestic use of the pico-hydro system combined with the SES-BMS system. Compared to the previous mini-hydro design, the new system showed an increase in performance during the average flow rate in the domestic pipeline, generating an improved value of 68 mW of power during the flow rate of 0.075 x 10-3 m3/s. An optimal charging time of 10 hours is recommended to accommodate the 3.5-hour use of a 12W LED lamp, to maintain the stability and reliability of the system, especially the battery pack

Development of a Pico-Hydro Generating System with SES-BMS for Domestic Use

Non-renewable resources have decreased significantly over the past decade, whereas, the current renewable energy system is expensive and more focused on large-scale use. The goal of this project was to design a user-friendly pico-hydro system with a Smart Energy Storage Battery Management System (SES-BMS) to utilize the potential of domestic water flow while saving energy consumption and daily costs. The overall system is a combination of the standard pipeline, a pico-turbine, the SES-BMS and a simple light source. The flow of water is utilized by converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. The design was performed by using the Engineering Design Process (EDP) with coding via Arduino microcontroller. The main outcome of this project was a proof of concept that showed the potential for domestic use of the pico-hydro system combined with the SES-BMS system. Compared to the previous mini-hydro design, the new system showed an increase in performance during the average flow rate in the domestic pipeline, generating an improved value of 68 mW of power during the flow rate of 0.075 x 10-3 m3/s. An optimal charging time of 10 hours is recommended to accommodate the 3.5-hour use of a 12W LED lamp, to maintain the stability and reliability of the system, especially the battery pack

A New Subblock Segmentation Scheme in Partial Transmit Sequence for Reducing PAPR Value in OFDM Systems

Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is considered an efficient algorithm to alleviate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The PTS technique is depended on the partitioning the input data sequence into the several subblocks, and then weighting these subblocks with a group of the phase factors. There are three common types of partitioning schemes: interleaving scheme (IL-PTS), adjacent scheme (Ad-PTS), and pseudo-random scheme (PR-PTS). The three conventional partitioning schemes have various performances of the PAPR value and the computational complexity pattern which are considered the main problems of the OFDM system. In this paper, the three ordinary partition schemes are analyzed and discussed depending on the capability of reducing the PAPR value and the computational complexity. Furthermore, new partitioning scheme is introduced in order to improve the PAPR reduction performance. The simulation results indicated that the PR-PTS scheme could achieve the superiority in PAPR mitigation compared with the rest of the schemes at the expense of increasing the computational complexity. Furthermore, the new segmentation scheme improved the PAPR reduction performance better than that the Ad-PTS and IL-PTS schemes

ASSOCIATING USER’S PSYCHOLOGY INTO QUALITY OF SERVICE: AN EXAMPLE OF WEB ADAPTATION SERVICES

Content adaptation is a potential solution for tailoring multimedia web content according to the users’ preferences and heterogeneous devices’ constraints. Content adaptation can be done as third party service over the Internet. Users may pay for the service thus demand quality. The quality should include the human psychological factors. One of these factors is the maximum time a user can wait for the output to be displayed. Thus, response time is one of the qualities of service (QoS) to be considered in assessing the deliverability of content adaptation services. However, the advertised response time may not be deliverable accordingly during the actual service execution due to heavy load. Practically, the service provider should able to determine a current deliverable response time before the service level agreement (SLA) is settled with the users. In this paper, we propose a strategy for service providers to evaluate incoming requests and capable of offering the new response time. The proposed strategy takes into account the current server load and enables a mechanism for the user to evaluate whether the new response time can be accepted or not. We analyzed the performance of the proposed strategy in terms of SLA settlement under various conditions. The results indicate that the proposed strategy performs well

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council

Analysing oscillatory motion of simple pendulum, spring-mass system and cantilever system using tracker video analysis

One of the most challenging task to learn and understanding the oscillatory motion is that students need to have the capability to imagine and visualize the association between the movement of an object oscillated in oscillatory motion and the complex mathematical calculation of the movement. However, with Tracker, modeling and analysis of the motion of objects in videos are possible and easy to use simply by overlaying simple dynamical models onto the videos directly. Therefore, this study was conducted for oscillatory motion to analyze the large angles oscillation of simple pendulum using Tracker Video Analysis (TVA) and high speed camera, to determine the viscosity of glycerol, sunflower oil and sugar solution by analyzing the oscillation of the spring–mass system and to find elastic modulus of ABS plastic, steel and aluminium via analyzing damped harmonic oscillation of high frequency vibration from a cantilever system. Combining with the high speed camera that records the motion of pendulum at a frame rate up to 1000 frames per second (fps), analysis of the motion is performed at different angles (10° to 50°) and video qualities. The periods obtained from the experiment are then compared with the exact period expression and Lima and Arun (L&A) approximation in order to determine how well this approach suited for the large angle approximation. Results have shown that when the video qualities improved particularly from 25 fps to 1000 fps, video analysis approach is entirely consistent with L&A approximation. The result at normal rate shows the error of 0.578% at 10° and gradually increased to 2.002% at 50°, compared to the highest frame rate (1000 fps) shows the error of 0.005% at 10° and gradually increased to 0.026% at 50°. For spring-mass system, the experiment was conducted using sunflower oil, glycerol and sugar solution. The oscillations are then recorded at rate 25 fps at different temperature (30 ℃ to 70 ℃). Damping parameter that was determined using curve fitting was used to calculate the viscosity of liquid. Viscosity values using Tracker have proven to be comparable with measured value from expensive instrument (dynamic shear rheometer). The relative errors of viscosity are compared to the measured values are between 4.76% to 8.76% for glycerol, 6.69% to 10.38% for sunflower oil and 8.58% to 9.67% for sugar solution (30 ℃ to 50 ℃). However, relative error gradually increased from 44.37% to 73.07% when the temperature of sugar solution increased from 60 ℃ to 70 ℃. For high frequency vibration of cantilever experiment, the vibration of plastic, aluminium and stainless steel cantilevers were recorded using high frame rate (1000 fps). The damped angular frequencies obtained from Tracker are used to determine the elastic modulus of cantilever. From the experiment, elastic modulus of plastic is 2.10 GPa, stainless steel is 191.22 GPa and aluminium is 70.81 GPa which have good agreement with measured value from other works. Tracker video analysis approach has shown that it can produce better results than using traditional method or expensive measuring equipment. Besides, it is also very interactive as students can analyse the oscillatory motion in real time from the video and inexpensive

Penggunaan kosa kata dalam buku teks bahasa Arab sekolah rendah

Kosa kata memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan kejayaan sesuatu proses pembelajaran dalam kalangan pelajar. Oleh yang demikian, meletak kosa kata yang sesuai dalam bahan sokongan belajar seperti buku teks adalah sangat mustahak dan perlu diberi perhatian. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti asas pemilihan kosa kata dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Kajian ini juga bertujuan menganalisis kesesuaian kosa kata dalam buku teks tahun satu, dua, tiga dan empat dengan tahap pelajar dan juga menghuraikan tahap penguasaan kosa kata dalam kalangan pelajar tahun enam. Berdasarkan kaedah kajian kepustakaan, pengkaji telah mengenal pasti asas pemilihan kosa kata berdasarkan teori yang dikemukakan oleh para sarjana pendidikan bahasa. Kajian ini juga berasaskan kaedah analisis kandungan bagi menganalisis kosa kata dalam buku teks. Hasil daripada penelitian tersebut pengkaji mendapati bahawa terdapat pertambahan bilangan kosa kata secara berperingkat pada setiap buku. Namun begitu penambahan kosa kata berlaku secara tidak konsisten apabila buku tahun empat menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah bilangan perkataan yang begitu banyak, iaitu berjumlah 335 patah perkataan berbanding jumlah perkataan dalam buku tahun tiga yang berjumlah 184 patah perkataan, buku tahun dua berjumlah 176 patah perkataan dan buku tahun satu berjumlah 131 patah perkataan. Analisis jenis kosa kata menunjukkan bahawa sebahagian besar kosa kata dalam buku teks tersebut adalah terdiri daripada golongan kata nama. Manakala analisis tahap senang dan sukar kosa kata pula menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan bentuk kosa kata adalah terdiri daripada kosa kata pendek dan mudah. Hasil analisis terhadap kata pinjaman Arab dalam empat buah buku tersebut menunjukkan bahawa peratusan kata pinjaman Arab semakin berkurangan daripada satu buku ke buku yang lain. Analisis kata nama konkrit dan abstrak menunjukkan bahawa jumlah kata nama konkrit melebihi jumlah kata nama abstrak. Hasil analisis terhadap kekerapan kosa kata pula menunjukkan bahawa pengulangan perkataan dalam buku teks bahasa Arab tersebut adalah berada ditahap minima. Akhir sekali, pengkaji menggunakan kaedah kajian lapangan bagi menghuraikan tahap penguasaan kosa kata dalam kalangan murid tahun enam. Responden merupakan 150 orang murid daripada lima buah sekolah di sekitar Kuala Lumpur. Hasil kajian yang dijalankan ini menunjukkan bahawa sebanyak 76.67 peratus murid telah melepasi ujian yang dijalankan. Diharapkan kajian ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada semua yang terlibat sama ada dalam kalangan pelajar, guru, penggubal kurikulum, penulis buku teks dan sebagainya