Acute-Onset Central Serous Retinopathy After Immunization with COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine

Purpose We report the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with unilateral central serous retinopathy three days after the injection of a COVID-19 vaccine. Observations A 33-year-old healthy Hispanic male referred to the ophthalmology service due to blurry vision and metamorphopsia in the right eye without any flashes, floaters, eye redness or pain. The patient reported that 69 hours prior to presentation he received the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. He denied any past ocular history or pertinent medical history. He does not take any medicines and denies stressful factors in his life. The clinical examination and imaging tests were consistent with central serous retinopathy that resolved in three months. Conclusions and importance This is the first report of an ocular complication potentially associated with a COVID-19 vaccination. Our case contributes information of a side effect potentially related to this new vaccine

Insulin, Hyperglycemia, and Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Objective This study aims to determine the association between hyperglycemia, insulin therapy, and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants. Study Design In this retrospective database study, we included all ELBW infants who were 180 mg/dL. Covariates were GA, small for GA status, discharge year, sex, Apgar score at 5 minutes, mechanical ventilation, oxygen use, bacteremia, and postnatal steroid exposure. We defined severe ROP as ROP requiring bevacizumab, cryotherapy, laser therapy, or vitrectomy. Sensitivity analysis using BG > 150 mg/dL and > 200 mg/dL was performed. Results A total of 24,548 infants were included; 2,547 (10%) had severe ROP. Hyperglycemia alone was not associated with severe ROP (odds ratio [OR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-1.17). Hyperglycemia and insulin use were not associated with severe ROP (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.91-2.23). BG > 150 mg/dL and insulin use were associated with severe ROP (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02-1.76). Conclusions Hyperglycemia alone was not associated with severe ROP in ELBW infants. However, we did observe a possible trend between the use of insulin and severe ROP.National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)U.S. governmentNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNIHNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIHU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationCempra PharmaceuticalsDuke Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27706 USADuke Univ, Sch Med, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USAKK Womens & Childrens Hosp, Childrens Intens Care Unit, Singapore, SingaporeUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Ecola Paulista Med, Div Neonatal Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USAMEDNAX Inc, Pediat Med Grp, Jacksonville, FL USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Ecola Paulista Med, Div Neonatal Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilNIH: UL1TR001117U.S. government: HHSN267200700051CNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development: K23HD068497National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: HHSN275201000003INational Institute of Child Health and Human Development: 1R01-HD081044-01National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH: UL1TR001117U.S. Food and Drug Administration: 1R18-FD005292-01Cempra Pharmaceuticals: HHS0100201300009CWeb of Scienc

Insulin, Hyperglycemia, and Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants

To determine the association between hyperglycemia, insulin therapy, and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants

Choroid Development and Feasibility of Choroidal Imaging in the Preterm and Term Infants Utilizing SD-OCT

To determine whether choroidal imaging is feasible in preterm and term infants using an 840-nm portable spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system without the use of enhanced-depth imaging techniques and to assess choroidal development by comparing choroidal thickness of preterm infants, term infants, and adults

Interaction of the Retinoblastoma Protein with Orc1 and Its Recruitment to Human Origins of DNA Replication

Background: The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a crucial regulator of cell cycle progression by binding with E2F transcription factor and repressing the expression of a variety of genes required for the G1-S phase transition. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we show that Rb and E2F1 directly participate in the control of initiation of DNA replication in human HeLa, U2OS and T98G cells by specifically binding to origins of DNA replication in a cell cycle regulated manner. We show that, both in vitro and inside the cells, the largest subunit of the origin recognition complex (Orc1) specifically binds hypo-phosphorylated Rb and that this interaction is competitive with the binding of Rb to E2F1. The displacement of Rb-bound Orc1 by E2F1 at origins of DNA replication marks the progression of the G1 phase of the cell cycle toward the G1-S border. Conclusions/Significance: The participation of Rb and E2F1 in the formation of the multiprotein complex that binds origins of DNA replication in mammalian cells appears to represent an effective mechanism to couple the expression of gene

Optical Coherence Tomography and Wide-Field Fluorescein Angiography in Retinopathy of Prematurity

The advent and adaptation of many imaging modalities promise to revolutionize our understanding of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by improving the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of response to treatment of this disease. Diagnosis and classification of ROP traditionally relies on an eye exam by an ophthalmologist expert in this area who characterizes extent and character of retinal vascularization via indirect ophthalmoscopy. Many tools now exist that allow for data acquisition by nurses, technicians, and other trained staff with the images analyzed in a more centralized location. We will focus on two rapidly evolving technologies, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and wide field fluorescein angiography (FA), to better understand how these tools may change our current understanding and management of ROP

Acute-onset central serous retinopathy after immunization with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Purpose: We report the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with unilateral central serous retinopathy three days after the injection of a COVID-19 vaccine. Observations: A 33-year-old healthy Hispanic male referred to the ophthalmology service due to blurry vision and metamorphopsia in the right eye without any flashes, floaters, eye redness or pain. The patient reported that 69 hours prior to presentation he received the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. He denied any past ocular history or pertinent medical history. He does not take any medicines and denies stressful factors in his life. The clinical examination and imaging tests were consistent with central serous retinopathy that resolved in three months. Conclusions and importance: This is the first report of an ocular complication potentially associated with a COVID-19 vaccination. Our case contributes information of a side effect potentially related to this new vaccine

Retinal Imaging of Infants on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Spectral domain coherence tomography (SD OCT) has become an important tool in the management of pediatric retinal diseases. It is a noncontact imaging device that provides detailed assessment of the microanatomy and pathology of the infant retina with a short acquisition time allowing office examination without the requirement of anesthesia. Our understanding of the development and maturation of the infant fovea has been enhanced by SD OCT allowing an in vivo assessment that correlates with histopathology. This has helped us understand the critical correlation of foveal development with visual potential in the first year of life and beyond. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the clinical applications of SD OCT in studying the pathoanatomy of the infant macula, its ability to detect subclinical features, and its correlation with disease and vision. Retinopathy of prematurity and macular edema have been discussed in detail. The review also summarizes the current status of SD OCT in other infant retinal conditions, imaging the optic nerve, the choroid, and the retinal nerve fibre in infants and children, and suggests future areas of research