Study of indicator bacteria and ovary of nematode at the surface water, underwater and sewage in the basin of Mangol dam (Mazandaran province)

Indicator of bacteria such total coliforms and fecal coliforms are one of the most important environmental factors that effect on water quality. Haraz river is one of three rivers in north of country and it originate from central Alborz. Overall, discharge of unborn sewage, agriculture pesticides, seasonal raining was caused decreasing of quality of the river. Therefore, quality and quantity of the grandwater, surface water and sewage in different zone of this river such Mangol dam is necessary. In this study, total coliforms and fecal coliforms and nematode ovary in 13 stations of Haraz including Sorkhrood, Klodeh, Amol Esar Town, Helomsar, Mangol dam, Karesang, Jalav bridge, Norroud, Tehran 115, Larijan, Abeask, Lasem, Lar (pleur) were surveyed. ECC Chrome agar was used for counting and isolation of coliforms groups and nematode ovary counting was done as formal – ether sedimentation method. The results showed that maximum and minimum of total coliforms in surface water was observed in Sorkhrood (9.4 CFU/100ml) and Lasem (4.2CFU/100ml) and also maximum and minimum of fecal coliforms in Sorkhrood (3/2 CFU / ml) and Lasem (1/1CFU/100ml) respectively. Maximum and minimum of these bacteria in ground water were Abeask (4 CFU /100ml) and Helomsar (9/1 CFU/100ml) (for total coliforms) and Abeask (7/1 CFU/100ml) and Helomsar, Klodeh and Larijan (2/1 CFU/100ml) (for fecal coliforms) respectively. Maximum and minimum of total and fecal coliforms in sewage were Norroud (1/3 CFU/100ml) and Amole Esar Town (2/2 CFU/100ml) (for total coliforms) and Norroud (6/1 CFU/100ml) and Amole Esar Town and Tehran 115 (2/1 CFU/100ml) (for fecal coliforms) respectively. Ovary of Nematode in sewage was 30 and 124 in Norroud and Amole Esar Town respectively. The conclusion of this study was showed that quality of Haraz is low level and not proper for drinking and swimming

Limnological of Bukan Dam Reservoir

In order to limnological study of Bukan Dam reservoir, sampling was performed monthly from determined sampling sites from April 2013 to March 2014. Sampling was conducted in reservoir lake by a PVC pipe with 2.25 m length and 5 cm diameter by columnar method. Besides, in more dipper (>5 m) sites, sampling conducted from bottom to surface with 1-m intervals (layer sampling) by a 2-liter Ruttner type sampler. In rivers due to water flow sampling was conducted by a scaled measure. Phytoplankton sampling was performed by 1-liter bottles. Zooplankton was sampled by filtering of 30 L through 55- micron plankton net. These samples were then transferred into bottles and sampling date and the name of station were attached on the bottles. Then, the samples were fixed immediately and transported to laboratory. It should be mentioned some physical parameters were determined in situ. Also, a 2-liter and another 1-liter water were collected to determine chlorophyll a and chemical factors respectively. Samples were preserved in dark and cold place for a week. The upper layers (without phytoplankton) were removed and the lower layer (with phytoplankton) was sampled into 5-ml chambers. The enumeration and identification was performed by a Nikon TS100 inverted microscope with ×400 (Phytoplankton) and ×200 (Zooplankton) magnification according to Utermohl (1958) method. About 50 fields were enumerated for each sample. The comparison of physicochemical and biological factors with standard criterion indicated that the presence of a fertile plain, agricultural growth, drought and higher water demand in recent years, as well as, higher population density, the Saghez city which is the main source of pollution in Bukan dam reservoir has caused that Bukan dam is in the transit state from mesotrophy to eutrophy. The results of the present study suggested that higher trophy in Bukan dam reservoir together with algal high density has negatively affected the Fish life and has reduced the stock in the lake. However, complementary studies should be performed prior to releasing. In this way the problems of other ecosystems should be prevented

The Parallel Magnetoconductance of Interacting Electrons in a Two Dimensional Disordered System

The transport properties of interacting electrons for which the spin degree of freedom is taken into account are numerically studied for small two dimensional diffusive clusters. On-site electron-electron interactions tend to delocalize the electrons, while long-range interactions enhance localization. On careful examination of the transport properties, we reach the conclusion that it does not show a two dimensional metal insulator transition driven by interactions. A parallel magnetic field leads to enhanced resistivity, which saturates once the electrons become fully spin polarized. The strength of the magnetic field for which the resistivity saturates decreases as electron density goes down. Thus, the numerical calculations capture some of the features seen in recent experimental measurements of parallel magnetoconductance.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative of microbial indicator the lake behind Shahid Rajaee dam of Mazandaran province (Sari)

One of the country's dams is dam Shahid Rajaee Sari. In this study it was evaluated some bacterial indices. Some bacterial parameters including total bacteria, total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci , Sulphitereducing Bacteria (SRB) in the water behind the dam Shahid Rjaee for one year at five stations (the entrance Shireenrood branches, input branch of the Sefidrood, cross the river and sweet Sefidrood in the tank, close to the Taj (zero, 15 and 30) and the output reservoir) and seven samples collected during six periods (June, July, August, September, November and February) were tested in 1391. Analysis of water samples for bacterial plate count agar medium (total bacteria count) ECC were inoculated (total coliforms and fecal), SPS (sulfite reducing bacteria) and KF (bacteria Inserts fecal streptococci) was performed using the culture surface culture method. ECC in both 37 and 44 ° C medium temperature Tc, KF and SPS at 37 ° C for 72-24 hours were incubated. The results showed that the mean log of bacteria in different months of CFU / 100ml12 / 0 ± 85/6 1n September months to CFU100ml15 / 0 ± 65/4 is variable in February, the mean total coliform Log in of the CFU / 100ml15 / 0 ± 63/4 in September to CFU / 100ml44 / 0 ± 27/3 in February are variable, the mean log Clostridium Clostridium CFU / 100ml89 / 0 ± 17 / 4 in September to CFU / 100ml13 / 0 ± 07/3 in February is variable, ranging from the mean log reduction in fecal streptococci in different months CFU / 100ml19 / 0 ± 59/3 in September CFU / 100ml17 / 0 ± 10 / 3 in February is variable. The results showed that bacterial indicator pollution load of the dam in more stations in August and September months. . Compare the results of the surface water standards indicate that indicator bacteria have been studied in the standard range. If the water behind the dam is intended to be used for drinking, it has need for more treatments during the final purification for drinking purposes

Normal and Lateral Casimir Forces between Deformed Plates

The Casimir force between macroscopic bodies depends strongly on their shape and orientation. To study this geometry dependence in the case of two deformed metal plates, we use a path integral quantization of the electromagnetic field which properly treats the many-body nature of the interaction, going beyond the commonly used pairwise summation (PWS) of van der Waals forces. For arbitrary deformations we provide an analytical result for the deformation induced change in Casimir energy, which is exact to second order in the deformation amplitude. For the specific case of sinusoidally corrugated plates, we calculate both the normal and the lateral Casimir forces. The deformation induced change in the Casimir interaction of a flat and a corrugated plate shows an interesting crossover as a function of the ratio of the mean platedistance H to the corrugation length \lambda: For \lambda \ll H we find a slower decay \sim H^{-4}, compared to the H^{-5} behavior predicted by PWS which we show to be valid only for \lambda \gg H. The amplitude of the lateral force between two corrugated plates which are out of registry is shown to have a maximum at an optimal wavelength of \lambda \approx 2.5 H. With increasing H/\lambda \gtrsim 0.3 the PWS approach becomes a progressively worse description of the lateral force due to many-body effects. These results may be of relevance for the design and operation of novel microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other nanoscale devices.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

The fifth developing plan of Iranian Fisheries Research Institute

Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404, is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country. Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of ifro affiliated research centers. The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research, construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C

Wpływ kwasu giberelinowego, stratyfikacji oraz zasolenia na kiełkowanie nasion Echinacea purpurea cv. Magnus

This study was conducted in order to determine the appropriate treatment for breaking dormancy and the effect of salinity on seed germination of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea cv. Magnus), in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, five levels of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg×L-1) with four levels of cold moist stratification period of seeds at 5°C (0, 5, 10 and 15 days) were launched. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The statistical analysis showed that concentration of 250 mg×L-1 GA3 with 10 days of cold moist chilling significantly increased the percentage of germination of normal seedlings and reduced the mean time of germination. In the second experiment, the seeds were chilled for 10 days at 5°C and half of them treated with 250 mg×L-1 GA3 for 24 hours. The seeds treated with GA3, and those non-treated were subjected to NaCl for salinity stress. The experiment was conducted using five salinity levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl) in four replications in a completely randomized design. The results showed that purple coneflower is highly sensitive to salinity in the germination stage. The results also showed that by increasing salinity levels, the percentage of germination and normal seedlings significantly decreased and the mean time to germination increased, compared to the control treatment. But the seeds treated with GA3 showed higher viability and better performance under salinity stress condition.Prezentowane badania obejmowały dwa odrębne doświadczenia, mające na celu określenie warunków przełamywania spoczynku nasion jeżówki purpurowej (Echinacea purpurea cv. Magnus) oraz wpływu zasolenia na ich kiełkowanie. W pierwszym z eksperymentów zastosowano pięć poziomów stężeń kwasu giberelinowego GA3 (0, 250, 500, 1000 i 1500 mg×L-1) w połączeniu z chłodną stratyfikacją nasion trwającą odpowiednio: 0, 5, 10 i 15 dni, i przebiegającą w wilgotnym podłożu w temperaturze 5°C. Doświadczenie czynnikowe przeprowadzono w układzie całkowicie losowym, w czterech powtórzeniach. Analizy statystyczne wykazały, że zastosowanie dziesięciodniowej chłodnej stratyfikacji w połączeniu z GA3 o stężeniu 250 mg×L1 istotnie zwiększa odsetek kiełkujących nasion i skraca średni czas kiełkowania. W drugim eksperymencie nasiona jeżówki były przechowywane przez 10 dni w temperaturze 5°C i połowę z nich poddano przez 24 godziny działaniu roztworu GA3 o stężeniu 250 mg×L-1. Dla obu grup nasion badano wpływ stresu solnego (działania NaCl). Powyższe doświadczenie prowadzono w układzie całkowicie losowym, w czterech powtórzeniach, stosując pięć poziomów zasolenia (0, 20, 40, 60 i 80 mM NaCl). Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że jeżówka purpurowa, na etapie kiełkowania nasion, jest bardzo wrażliwa na zasolenie. Zwiększanie jego poziomu powodowało spadek ilości kiełkujących nasion i dobrze wykształconych siewek oraz wzrost średniego czasu kiełkowania. Większą odporność w warunkach stresu solnego wykazywały nasiona poddane działaniu GA3