Synthesis of Encapsulated Zn(8-hydroxyquinoline) 2

The Zn(8-hydroxyquinoline)2(H2O)2, ZnQ2·2H2O, encapsulated in the porous BioMOF1 (ZnQ2@BioMOF1) host was synthesized by solid-solid and solid-solution reaction between Zn2+@BioMOF1 and 8-hydroxyquinoline. To prepare Zn2+@BioMOF1, dimethylammonium (DMA+), guests in the pores of BioMOF1 were replaced by Zn2+ ions via ion exchange process. The synthesized compound was characterized by XRD and TGA to confirm stability of BioMOF1 host. The ZnQ2·2H2O forming by metal-cation-directed de novo coassembly approach was confirmed by UV, IR, Fluorescence, BET, and confocal microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy images show slight change in morphology of BioMOF1 after introducing ZnQ2·2H2O by solid-solution reaction into its pores. Thin films of the produced materials were used to sense dissolved oxygen in water by using fluorescence technique

Dissolution Performance of Carbon/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Prepared from Fish Scales

The utilization of waste as raw materials in the production of functional materials is a growing area of interest to promote global sustainable growth. This work studied the microstructure, chemical properties, and phosphorus (P) dissolution efficiency of carbon/hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites derived from fish scale wastes, namely FSBCs. Tilapia scales were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (450–600 °C) and the dissolution performance of the biochars in acidic media was evaluated. The pyrolysis of fish scales yielded biochars which are carbon/HAP nanocomposites of which the characteristics, including the specific surface area, carbon content, degree of crystallinity of HAP, and the degree of CO32− substitution in HAP crystals, were dependent on the pyrolysis temperature and had an influence on the dissolution efficiency. P dissolution experiments suggested that the specific surface area and the presence of carbon in the composite played an important role during the dissolution process. The presence of the organic residues on the carbon could potentially block the calcium sites on HAP from citric acid and lower the dissolution efficiency. The ratio of CO32−/PO43− substitution in HAP also affected the dissolubility of FSBCs. The manipulation of their surface area and the CO32−/PO43− ratio of these materials would allow us to increase its solubility, which could benefit a prospective application such as P fertilizer production

Synthesis of Heterostructure of ZnO@MOF-46(Zn) to Improve the Photocatalytic Performance in Methylene Blue Degradation

The heterostructure of ZnO and MOF-46(Zn) was synthesized to improve the photocatalytic performance of ZnO and prove the synergistic theory that presented the coexistence of ZnO and MOF-46(Zn), providing better efficiency than pure ZnO. The heterostructure material was synthesized by using prepared ZnO as a Zn2+ source, which was reacted with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (2-ATP) as a ligand to cover the surface of ZnO with MOF-46(Zn). The ZnO reactant materials were modified by pyrolysis of various morphologies of IRMOF-3 (Zn-MOF) prepared by using CTAB as a morphology controller. The octahedral ZnO obtained at 150 mg of CTAB shows better efficiency for photodegradation, with 85.79% within 3 h and a band gap energy of 3.11 eV. It acts as a starting material for synthesis of ZnO@MOF-46(Zn). The ZnO/MOF-46(Zn) composite was further used as a photocatalyst material in the dye (methylene blue: MB) degradation process, and the performance was compared with that of pure prepared ZnO. The results show that the photocatalytic efficiency with 61.20% in the MB degradation of the heterostructure is higher than that of pure ZnO within 60 min (90.09% within 180 min). The reason for this result may be that the coexistence of ZnO and MOF-46(Zn) can absorb a larger range of energy and reduce the possibility of the electron–hole recombination process

Dissolution Performance of Carbon/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Prepared from Fish Scales

The utilization of waste as raw materials in the production of functional materials is a growing area of interest to promote global sustainable growth. This work studied the microstructure, chemical properties, and phosphorus (P) dissolution efficiency of carbon/hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites derived from fish scale wastes, namely FSBCs. Tilapia scales were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (450–600 °C) and the dissolution performance of the biochars in acidic media was evaluated. The pyrolysis of fish scales yielded biochars which are carbon/HAP nanocomposites of which the characteristics, including the specific surface area, carbon content, degree of crystallinity of HAP, and the degree of CO32− substitution in HAP crystals, were dependent on the pyrolysis temperature and had an influence on the dissolution efficiency. P dissolution experiments suggested that the specific surface area and the presence of carbon in the composite played an important role during the dissolution process. The presence of the organic residues on the carbon could potentially block the calcium sites on HAP from citric acid and lower the dissolution efficiency. The ratio of CO32−/PO43− substitution in HAP also affected the dissolubility of FSBCs. The manipulation of their surface area and the CO32−/PO43− ratio of these materials would allow us to increase its solubility, which could benefit a prospective application such as P fertilizer production

Base-Mediated Cascade Cyclization: Stereoselective Synthesis of Benzooxazocinone

A new strategy for the synthesis of the oxa-azabicyclo[3.3.1]­nonane subunit, a component of the naucleamide E core structure, has been developed. This annulation reaction between 1-substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and coumarin derivatives conveniently affords the oxa-azabicyclo[3.3.1]­nonane framework via a base-mediated cascade cyclization under aqueous conditions. The value of this work lies in the efficient formation of the oxa-azabicyclo[3.3.1]­nonane skeleton via a process whereby all the C–C, C–O, and C–N bond formations occur in a single chemical operation. In addition, the subsequent ring opening of these compounds furnished pyridoisoquinoline derivatives