Incidence of Genotypes of Helicobacter Pylori in Oropharyngeal SCC

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a well known gastric pathogen which has been recently detected in the oral cavity  and saliva an also in oropharynx, especially in adenoid and tonsillar tissue (Wladayer´s ring tissue). Presented research has been focused on real-time PCR analyzing cagA and vacA genotypes of HP strains in tonsills and oropharyngeal cancer.   Methods The study was approved by the appropriate ethics committee.The tissue specimens of tonsillar cancer or tonsils were collected using sterile instruments at the beginning of surgery.Biopsies were immersed into Remel MicrotestR M4RT and transported to the laboratory for real-time PCR analysis. TaqManTM hybridisation probes were developed for cagA , , vacA m1 and vacA m2, LC hybridization probes for vacA s1a, vacA s1b, vacA s2 specific sequence detection.  Findings Majority of isolates lacking cagA gene coding CagA protein as the main factor of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity as well as one type of vacA gene s1b m2 found in 17 from a total of 41 isolates (41.46 %) and in 66.66 % of tonsillar cancer. Interpretation Colonization of lymphoid tissue and malignancies in oropharyngeal area by different genotypes of Helicobacter pylori seems to be evident. Long-term survival of bacteria in deep tissue structures may influence immune system

NTRK Fusion Genes in Thyroid Carcinomas: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Their Impacts on Prognosis

Chromosomal rearrangements of NTRK genes are oncogenic driver mutations in thyroid cancer (TC). This study aimed to identify NTRK fusion-positive thyroid tumors and to correlate them with clinical and pathological data and determine their prognostic significance. The cohort consisted of 989 different TC samples. Based on the detected mutation, samples were triaged, and those that were positive for a BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, RET, RET/PTC or PAX8/PPARγ mutation were excluded from further analyses. NTRK fusion gene testing was performed in 259 cases, including 126 cases using next-generation sequencing. NTRK fusion genes were detected in 57 of 846 (6.7%) papillary thyroid carcinomas and in 2 of 10 (20.0%) poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas. A total of eight types of NTRK fusions were found, including ETV6/NTRK3, EML4/NTRK3, RBPMS/NTRK3, SQSTM1/NTRK3, TPM3/NTRK1, IRF2BP2/NTRK1, SQSTM1/NTRK1 and TPR/NTRK1.NTRK fusion-positive carcinomas were associated with the follicular growth pattern, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and lymph node metastases. NTRK1-rearranged carcinomas showed a higher frequency of multifocality and aggressivity than NTRK3-rearranged carcinomas. Tumor size, presence of metastases, positivity for the NTRK3 or NTRK1 fusion gene and a late mutation event (TERT or TP53 mutation) were determined as factors affecting patient prognosis. NTRK fusion genes are valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers