CONFINEMENT OF MICRONUCLEUS ON DAWKINSIA TAMBRAPARNIEI BY THE PARADOXICAL EFFECT OF THE ARSENIC DERIVATIVES

Objective: In the current study, in vivo genotoxic effects of arsenic derivatives such as arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on peripheral blood erythrocytes of Dawkinsia tambraparniei were investigated using the micronucleus (MN) test.Methods: MN staining was done using acridine orange pre-coated slides. Fluorescent microscope was used for scoring.Results: In NaAsO2 exposed, the erythrocytes highest value was recorded at 42 days which is twofold higher than exposure at 7 days when compared to As2O3. Highest percentage was recorded about 13.9 in NaAsO2, and in case of As2O3, it was recorded as 0.2% less. It was clearly confirmed that either form of arsenic is toxic to organism.Conclusion: Anthropogenic activities have also brought in substantial amounts of them into the environment by mobilization from their natural insoluble deposits or environmental sins. Hence, arsenic pollution should have measured, and arsenic removal process should have carried out

EFFICACY OF MICRODOSES POTENTIZED HOMEOPATHIC DRUG, ARSENICUM ALBUM INDUCED BY ARSENIC TRIOXIDE IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO)-A FTIR STUDY IN GILLS

Objective: Arsenic, one of the major natural as well as anthropogenic pollutant produces biochemical changes in the organs of animals due to its potential toxicity. Arsenic is toxic to fish and may be taken through gills and skin. In the current work, arsenic trioxide-treated fishes were prescribed with potentized homoeopathic drug, ars alb 30C, and ars alb 200C. The biochemical contents in exposed gill tissues of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Methods: The acclimatised fish were treated with arsenic trioxide and LC50 was calculated. Along with arsenic trioxide, the homoeopathic drug ars alb 30C and ars alb 200C were given three drops per litre. After a period of 7 and 14 d, the gills of exposed fish were dissected. The samples were lyophilized and analysed in FTIR.Results: In arsenic exposed fish, the amine N-H stretch was different when compared to the control and the treated different potencies of ars alb 30C and 200C respectively at 7days. Whereas at 14 d the arsenic exposed fish the amine N-H stretch was drastically reduced. Notably, in treating different potencies of ars alb 30C and 200C, the amine N-H stretch was increased.Conclusion: It was found that the higher the potency that is ars alb 200C was more effective against Arsenic toxicity. It shows higher dilution may be efficacious

CONFINEMENT OF MICRONUCLEUS ON DAWKINSIA TAMBRAPARNIEI BY THE PARADOXICAL EFFECT OF THE ARSENIC DERIVATIVES

Objective: In the current study, in vivo genotoxic effects of arsenic derivatives such as arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on peripheral blood erythrocytes of Dawkinsia tambraparniei were investigated using the micronucleus (MN) test.Methods: MN staining was done using acridine orange pre-coated slides. Fluorescent microscope was used for scoring.Results: In NaAsO2 exposed, the erythrocytes highest value was recorded at 42 days which is twofold higher than exposure at 7 days when compared to As2O3. Highest percentage was recorded about 13.9 in NaAsO2, and in case of As2O3, it was recorded as 0.2% less. It was clearly confirmed that either form of arsenic is toxic to organism.Conclusion: Anthropogenic activities have also brought in substantial amounts of them into the environment by mobilization from their natural insoluble deposits or environmental sins. Hence, arsenic pollution should have measured, and arsenic removal process should have carried out

Deciphering the morphological and molecular characteristics of fresh water fish Lepidocephalus thermalis (V.) — DNA barcode approach

573-579Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes), commonly called the spiny loach or the spotted loach, is a small, edible fresh water fish, and phylogeography based differences in their morphology are not so apparent. Hence, in the present study, along with the morphometric and meristic characterization of L. thermalis collected from 11 sites in the southern Tamil Nadu region, their genomic adaptation using DNA barcode were analyzed. Initial molecular characterization of these fishes was carried out by RAPD analysis which showed polymorphism in their banding pattern. Further, PCR amplification of mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO I) for DNA barcoding was carried out, which revealed distinct sequences within the species and were submitted to BOLD (Barcode of Life Database). Five Barcode Index Numbers (BIN’s) ACY8615, ACZ6233, ACZ7491, ADB3001 and ADC6754 were obtained in positive correlation to their species distribution and biogeography of southern Tamil Nadu region, India based on Mantel’s test with significant P value 0.01. Thus, this study helps in better understanding of the phylogeography based genetic diversity in L. thermalis

Origin and History of Introduction of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) Stocks in Southern India As Inferred From Y-linked Marker

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), is a popular cold-water fish widely distributed and farmed globally. In the nineteenth century, rainbow trout were introduced into India, and since then, it has gradually spread and established itself as one of the most prevalent non-native fish. In Southern India, rainbow trout were introduced from New Zealand in 1909 in the Ooty region of the Western Ghats, followed by introductions in other coldwater regions in the Peninsular uplands such as Munnar and Kodaikanal. Continuous introductions were done from various geographical locations at different periods to increase O. mykiss stocks in the Peninsular upland regions. Despite being regularly introduced in the streams of Munnar, Ooty, and Kodaikanal of Southern India, they still have not become self-sustaining, and genetic diversity has been suggested as a potential underlying factor. Therefore, this study aimed to resolve these questions and explore the structure and origin of Southern Indian stocks by conducting a population genetic study. The Y-linked marker of the trout stocks sampled from Munnar, Ooty, and Kodaikanal was compared with that of the native populations from North America. The results showed less proportion of inter-population genetic variation, suggesting that Southern Indian stocks were derived from multiple origins of population, with a great majority of parental populations belonging to the coastal rainbow trout from North America. This study revealed no considerable genetic differences among the Southern Indian stocks and reported the major ecotype as the Steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus (Gibbons, 1955)