Diethyl 1,1-dioxo-3,5-bis­(pyridin-2-yl)-1λ6,4-thio­morpholine-2,6-dicarbox­ylate

The title compound, C20H23N3O6S, crystallizes with two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The thio­morpholine ring in both mol­ecules adopts a chair conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯O inter­actions. The amino groups are shielded and, as a result, these groups are not involved in hydrogen bonding

OC-163 identification of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS)

Introduction Resident colonic bacteria, principally anaerobes and firmicutes, ferment undigested fibre. The resultant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) formed are dissolved in the faeces but also absorbed and excreted in the urine. We have previously shown that electronic nose (E-nose) analysis of urine VOCs distinguishes between Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy volunteers (HV): the underlying principle is pattern recognition of disease-specific “chemical fingerprint”. High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) offers a possible alternative. The underlying principle is separation of VOC chemical components based on their different ion mobilties in high electric fields. We performed a pilot study in the above groups, the patients in remission (Rem) or with active disease (AD), to assess if this technology could achieve separation between the groups. The results were validated against E-nose analysis. Methods 59 subjects were studied; HV n=14, UC (Rem) n=18, UC (AD) n=4; CD (Rem) n=19, CD (AD) n=4. Urine samples (7 ml) in universal containers (25 ml) were heated to 40±0.1 C. The headspace (the air above the sample) was then analysed using FAIMS. The data were analysed by Fisher Discriminant Analysis. Results The technique distinguished between the three groups. Additionally, patients with active disease could be distinguished from those in remission. These results were concordant with E-nose analysis. Conclusion This pilot shows that urine VOCs, analysed by the different approaches of E-nose and FAIMS, the latter a novel application, can distinguish the healthy from those with UC and CD when disease is active or in remission. The two technologies together offer a non-invasive approach to diagnosis and follow-up in inflammatory bowel disease

Where are all the gravastars? Limits upon the gravastar model from accreting black holes

The gravastar model, which postulates a strongly correlated thin shell of anisotropic matter surrounding a region of anti-de Sitter space, has been proposed as an alternative to black holes. We discuss constraints that present-day observations of well-known black hole candidates place on this model. We focus upon two black hole candidates known to have extraordinarily low luminosities: the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center, Sagittarius A*, and the stellar-mass black hole, XTE J1118+480. We find that the length scale for modifications of the type discussed in Chapline et al. (2003) must be sub-Planckian.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

A Brief Review and Influence of Buddhism on Ayurveda

Darshanas are the major source of philosophical principles of Ayurveda, The word Darshana is derived from the Sanskrit words “Drish” Dhatu and “Lyut” Pratyaya. The combination of these words makes the word Darshana, which means to see or to have sight. It can be defined as the media or instrument through which the reality of the world can be viewed. “Drishyate Anena Iti Darshanam.” It is the vision of truth, It is the mirror image of objects of the world and It is Yathartha Jnana Sadaka. To know the secrets of real knowledge about the different problems of creation and to have distinguishing knowledge about Good and bad, Real and False, Happy and unhappy, To find out the cause of miseries and sickness knowledge of philosophy is very vital. It helps to understand the reality of life. Mainly three types of Darshanas are there, Astika, Nastika and Astika-Nastika. Buddhism being AstikaNastika (intermediate) Darshana has profound influence on Ayurveda principles, especially in Ashtanga Hridaya it can be witnessed strongly

Evidence for power-law frequency dependence of intrinsic dielectric response in the CaCu3_{3}Ti4_{4}O12_{12}

We investigated the dielectric response of CaCu$_3$Ti$_4$O$_{12}$ (CCTO) thin films grown epitaxially on LaAlO$_3$ (001) substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). The dielectric response of the films was found to be strongly dominated by a power-law in frequency, typical of materials with localized hopping charge carriers, in contrast to the Debye-like response of the bulk material. The film conductivity decreases with annealing in oxygen, and it suggests that oxygen deficit is a cause of the relatively high film conductivity. With increase of the oxygen content, the room temperature frequency response of the CCTO thin films changes from the response indicating the presence of some relatively low conducting capacitive layers to purely power law, and then towards frequency independent response with a relative dielectric constant $\epsilon'\sim10^2$. The film conductance and dielectric response decrease upon decrease of the temperature with dielectric response being dominated by the power law frequency dependence. Below $\sim$80 K, the dielectric response of the films is frequency independent with $\epsilon'$ close to $10^2$. The results provide another piece of evidence for an extrinsic, Maxwell-Wagner type, origin of the colossal dielectric response of the bulk CCTO material, connected with electrical inhomogeneity of the bulk material.Comment: v4: RevTeX, two-column, 9 pages, 7 figures; title modified, minor content change in p.7, reference adde

The Cooling Flow to Accretion Flow Transition

Cooling flows in galaxy clusters and isolated elliptical galaxies are a source of mass for fueling accretion onto a central supermassive black hole. We calculate the dynamics of accreting matter in the combined gravitational potential of a host galaxy and a central black hole assuming a steady state, spherically symmetric flow (i.e., no angular momentum). The global dynamics depends primarily on the accretion rate. For large accretion rates, no simple, smooth transition between a cooling flow and an accretion flow is possible; the gas cools towards zero temperature just inside its sonic radius, which lies well outside the region where the gravitational influence of the central black hole is important. For accretion rates below a critical value, however, the accreting gas evolves smoothly from a radiatively driven cooling flow at large radii to a nearly adiabatic (Bondi) flow at small radii. We argue that this is the relevant parameter regime for most observed cooling flows. The transition from the cooling flow to the accretion flow should be observable in M87 with the {\it Chandra X-ray Observatory}.Comment: emulateapj.sty, 10 pages incl. 5 figures, to appear in Ap

Ethyl 3-[1-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-4-oxo-3-phenylazetidin-2-yl]-2-nitro-1-phenyl-2,3,10,10a-tetra­hydro-1H,5H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline-10a-carboxyl­ate

In the title mol­ecule, C37H35N3O6, the pyrrolidine ring adopts a twist conformation and the piperidine ring is in a distorted boat conformation. One of the phenyl rings is disordered over two positions with occupancies of 0.54 (2) and 0.46 (2) and the ethyl carboxyl­ate group is also disordered over two orientations with occupancies of 0.75 (1) and 0.25 (1)

(Benzyl­amine)chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) dichloride hemihydrate

In the title compound, [CoCl(C2H8N2)2(C7H9N)]Cl2·0.5H2O, there are two crystallographically independent cations and anions and one water mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. Both CoIII ions are bonded to two chelating ethylenediamine ligands, one benzylamine molecule and one chloride ion. The crystal packing is through N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl inter­actions

2-Amino­pyridinium picrate

In the title compound, C5H7N2 +·C6H2N3O7 −, there are two crystallographically independent cations and anions (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. In both picrate anions, one of the nitro groups lies in the plane of the benzene ring [r.m.s. deviations = 0.014 (2) and 0.014 (2) Å for anions A and B, respectively] and the other two are twisted away by 39.0 (2) and 18.8 (2)° in A, and 18.2 (1) and 2.5 (2)° in B. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network