Middleware Layer Reliability Assessment in Multi Cloud Computing System

Enterprises are majorly adopting cloud computing which offers a large pool of services to users. But the capability of cloud computing is limited and some enterprises often require various cloud centers to integrate in order to deliver services to business users. So Multi Cloud Computing System (MCCS) provides integrated services across multiple autonomous clouds. Based on the dynamic parameterization of Virtual Machines (VM) an MCCS platform can build effectively. Thus multiple VMs can collaborate to provide as service with a transparent manner, facilitates a scalable environment, allocate resources dynamically and supports unlimited computing and storage service capabilities. Thus VM plays an important role in MCCS. This paper focuses on middleware layer and proposes framework for reliability assessment mechanism of middleware layer of MCCS

Contemporary police stress: the impact of the evolving socio-political context

Objective: to study stress in the work of law enforcement agencies under the changing socio-political environment. Methods: dialectic approach to the cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in the historical development and functioning in the context of a set of objective and subjective factors, which determined the choice of the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, sociological.Results: interviews with representatives from 110 law enforcement agencies showed how occupational stressors have changed in recent years. The most frequently cited stressors involved day-to-day enforcement activities that put officers in potentially dangerous situations, the administrative burden and shift work associated with the profession, family and relationship challenges that accompany the job, and the state of police community relations and negative portrayal of the police by the media. Respondents reported that officers experience increased fear and stress due to recent changes in the socio-political environment, which is characterized by strained police-community relations, increased scrutiny associated with the 24-hr news cycle, and the ubiquity of personal recording devices and sharing videos on social media.Scientific novelty: for the first time, the work presents an analysis of the impact of stress in the law enforcement agencies under the changing socio-political environment. The new positive factors which have changed the landscape of police stress for the better are: 1) the current socio-political environment; 2) generational shifts in the workforce and; 3) efforts to destigmatize mental health care.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activity when viewing and studying the issues related to stress in the work of police officers under the changing socio-political environment

The effects of purchasing alcohol and marijuana among adolescents at-risk for future substance use

BACKGROUND: Among high-risk youth, those who may be at increased risk for adverse alcohol and other drug (AOD) use outcomes may benefit from targeted prevention efforts; how youth acquire AOD may provide an objective means of identifying youth at elevated risk. METHODS: We assessed how youth acquired alcohol and marijuana (purchasing vs. other means), demographics, AOD behaviors/consequences, and environment among adolescents referred to a diversion program called Teen Court (N = 180) at two time points (prior to the program and 180 days from baseline). Participants were predominantly White and Hispanic/Latino(a). RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses among alcohol and marijuana users, purchasing marijuana was associated with more frequent marijuana use and consequences, time spent around teens who use marijuana, higher likelihood of substance use disorders, and lower resistance self-efficacy compared to non-purchasers. Teens who purchased both alcohol and marijuana experienced similar outcomes to those who purchased only marijuana, and also reported more frequent and higher quantity of drinking, greater alcohol-related consequences, time spent around teens who use other drugs, and prescription drug misuse. Longitudinally, purchasing alcohol and marijuana at baseline was associated with more frequent and higher quantity of drinking compared to non-purchasers at follow-up. Marijuana only purchasers had a greater likelihood of substance use disorders at follow-up compared to non-purchasers. CONCLUSIONS: In an era where drinking is commonplace and attitudes towards marijuana use are becoming more tolerant, it is essential to evaluate how accessibility to AOD and subsequent purchasing behaviors affect youth consumption and intervene accordingly to prevent future consequences

Subjects, Topics, and Anchoring to the Context

The article discusses the connection between the syntactic and semantic properties of weak, strong, and referential DP subjects. In particular, I argue that nominal expressions possess a situation argument and that their interpretation and their distribution follow from the presuppositional requirements that the determiner imposes on the individual argument and situation argument of its complement nominal. These presuppositional requirements, I then argue, are embodied by local relations of the subject to a distinct head in the C domain, Fin(0) in the system of Rizzi 1997, where specific referential values of discourse antecedents are accessible

Change-of-state Paradigms and the middle in Kinyarwanda

This paper investigates the derivational relationships among members of verbal paradigms in Kinyarwanda (Bantu JD.61; Rwanda) by pursuing two interrelated goals. First, I describe a variety of derivational strategies for marking transitive and intransitive variants in change-of-state verb paradigms. Second, I focus on the detransitivizing morpheme –ik which serves as one possible marking for intransitive members of these paradigms. Ultimately, I argue that this morpheme is a marker of middle voice, and the variety of readings which appear with this form can be subsumed under a single operation of argument suppression. Finally, I provide a discussion of reflexives and the apparent lack of a reflexive reading with –ik by arguing that this reading is blocked by either lexical reflexives or the reflexive prefix i–

The construction of viewpoint aspect: the imperfective revisited

This paper argues for a constructionist approach to viewpoint Aspect by exploring the idea that it does not exert any altering force on the situation-aspect properties of predicates. The proposal is developed by analyzing the syntax and semantics of the imperfective, which has been attributed a coercer role in the literature as a de-telicizer and de-stativizer in the progressive, and as a de-eventivizer in the so-called ability (or attitudinal) and habitual readings. This paper proposes a unified semantics for the imperfective, preserving the properties of eventualities throughout the derivation. The paper argues that the semantics of viewpoint aspect is encoded in a series of functional heads containing interval-ordering predicates and quantifiers. This richer structure allows us to account for a greater amount of phenomena, such as the perfective nature of the individual instantiations of the event within a habitual construction or the nonculminating reading of perfective accomplishments in Spanish. This paper hypothesizes that nonculminating accomplishments have an underlying structure corresponding to the perfective progressive. As a consequence, the progressive becomes disentangled from imperfectivity and is given a novel analysis. The proposed syntax is argued to have a corresponding explicit morphology in languages such as Spanish and a nondifferentiating one in languages such as English; however, the syntax-semantics underlying both of these languages is argued to be the same