Study of Bridge Rectangular Fin Heat Sink and the Effect of Angle Change on CPU Cooling

The drastic technological growth and development of advanced computer processors leads to a serious problem due to the generation of heat. Modern processors are designed in such a way that even though small in appearance their performances are beyond our thought. The performance of processors directly depends on the heat they generate. The heat generated while processing is generally considered as waste heat that needs to be removed immediately before it could fail the heat sensitive components present inside the processor. There comes a problem of removing this waste heat. Bridge Rectangular Fin Heat sink (BRFHS) is an object having a single base and fin-like protrusions made of aluminium and pyrolytic graphite material because of their high thermal conductivity. ANSYS Fluent CFD Version 12.1 software package was used for simulation. Air is used as a fluid and a comparative study was done for the same heat sink configurations between the aluminium and pyrolytic graphite. In this work, the effect of angle of fin changes was also analysed for aluminium and pyrolytic graphite. It was found that at a fluid velocity of 1.2 m/s, the maximum fin temperature for aluminium was 320 K while and that for pyrolytic graphite was 310 K. The optimum cooling is achieved by BRFHS having an angle of 22.5° simulated with pyrolytic graphite material at 1.2 m/s air velocity. The maximum temperature found on the fin after dissipation of heat was 302 K which is very near to the ambient temperature

MGP Panel is a comprehensive targeted genomics panel for molecular profiling of multiple myeloma patients

PURPOSE: We designed a comprehensive multiple myeloma (MM) targeted sequencing panel to identify common genomic abnormalities in a single assay and validated it against known standards. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The panel comprised 228 genes/exons for mutations, 6 regions for translocations, and 56 regions for copy number abnormalities (CNAs). Toward panel validation, targeted sequencing was conducted on 233 patient samples and further validated using clinical fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (translocations), multiplex ligation probe analysis (MLPA) (CNAs), whole genome sequencing (WGS) (CNAs, mutations, translocations) or droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) of known standards (mutations). RESULTS: Canonical IgH translocations were detected in 43.2% of patients by sequencing, and aligned with FISH except for one patient. CNAs determined by sequencing and MLPA for 22 regions were comparable in 103 samples and concordance between platforms was R2=0.969. VAFs for 74 mutations were compared between sequencing and ddPCR with concordance of R2=0.9849. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we have developed a targeted sequencing panel that is as robust or superior to FISH and WGS. This molecular panel is cost effective, comprehensive, clinically actionable and can be routinely deployed to assist risk stratification at diagnosis or post-treatment to guide sequencing of therapies

Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness

Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association

Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five novel loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci are also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρgenetic=0.748), which indicated a similar genetic background and allowed for the identification of four additional loci through meta-analysis (Ncombined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, Parkinson’s disease, and enriched near genes involved in growth pathways including PI3K–AKT signaling. These findings identify biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and provide genetic support for theories on brain reserve and brain overgrowth

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Enhancement of Power Quality in Multi Feeder Three Phase System with Photovoltaic fed ANFIS-Unified Multi Converter Controller

Substantial growth in modern innovations demands more power from utility. To cope with drastic power demand on grid renewable sources have been integrated. This makes more complex power system as these integrated sources more dynamic in nature. Intelligent usage of renewable sources leads to optimal and reliable power structure. This paper provides an optimal usage of renewable source for unified controlling action to compensate power quality issues on multi distribution feeders. Proposed Unified Multi Converter Controller (UMCC) effectively alleviates power quality issues like harmonics, imperfections in current and voltage on multi feeder. ANFIS based harmonics alleviation is studied and compared with traditional control error tuning. Here, Photovoltaic source is considered. Proposed three phase system is analyzed in MATLAB\SIMULINK platform with variable load and supply voltage conditions

Comparative studies on the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions using raw and modified Citrus Limettioides peel

Citrus Limettioides peel (CLPC) has been modified with sulphuric acid to increase the quantity of sulphonic acid groups improving its metal adsorption capacity. The effect of various parameters such as solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and presence of other cations and anions under ambient conditions along with raw citrus limettioides peel (CLP) has been studied. According to the experimental results, the optimal equilibrium time and pH for Cr(VI) ions are found to be 3 h and 2.0 for CLPC and CLP, respectively. The equilibrium data agree well with Langmuir model, which confirm the monolayer coverage of Cr(VI) ions onto CLPC and CLP. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of the CLPC is found to be 176.50 mg/g which is significantly about 1.8 times greater than that of CLP (99.50 mg/g) at 300 K. The thermodynamic analysis reveals that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The kinetic data follow pseudo-second order model with film diffusion process. A single-state batch adsorber has been designed to estimate the amount of adsorbent required to treat the known volume of the effluent using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Regeneration study show that CLPC could be effectively utilized for the removal of Cr(VI) ions for seven cycles of operation under study when compared with CLP

Enhancement of Power Quality in Multi Feeder Three Phase System with Photovoltaic fed ANFIS-Unified Multi Converter Controller

Substantial growth in modern innovations demands more power from utility. To cope with drastic power demand on grid renewable sources have been integrated. This makes more complex power system as these integrated sources more dynamic in nature. Intelligent usage of renewable sources leads to optimal and reliable power structure. This paper provides an optimal usage of renewable source for unified controlling action to compensate power quality issues on multi distribution feeders. Proposed Unified Multi Converter Controller (UMCC) effectively alleviates power quality issues like harmonics, imperfections in current and voltage on multi feeder. ANFIS based harmonics alleviation is studied and compared with traditional control error tuning. Here, Photovoltaic source is considered. Proposed three phase system is analyzed in MATLAB\SIMULINK platform with variable load and supply voltage conditions

Isotherm studies on removal of lead(II) ions from wastewater by magnetic carbon synthesised from Euphorbia hirta leaf extract

672-680In this article a magnetic carbon (MEHLC) has been synthesised from Euphorbia hirta leaf (EHL) extract to investigate the adsorption capacity of lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions and industrial wastewater. The prepared magnetic carbon (MEHLC) is compared with raw material (EHL) under the batch adsorption process such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and temperature. The adsorbents are characterized by FT-IR, SEM and EDX studies. The maximum removal is obtained at 300 K and the Langmuir isotherm of MEHLC and EHL is found to be with applicable qm value of 385.86 and 21.96 mg g-1, respectively. Various thermodynamic parameters, including the standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGo), standard enthalpy (ΔHo) and standard entropy (ΔSo), are evaluated. The MEHLC and EHL are tested with lead(II) plating wastewater through a batch mode process over five cycles; MEHLC showed better results than EHL