Structural, mechanical, thermal, optical and antifungal properties of pure and nickel doped ninhydrin non liner single crystals

A conventional method was adopted to prepare pure ninhydrin (NH) and nickel doped ninhydrin (N1NH) single crystals. The present investigation focused on various properties of as grown NH and NINH crystals. Monoclinic crystal structure with P21 space group which is attractive phenomena were noticed in structural mode of grown NH and NINH crystals. Various vibrations of functional groups related to NH and nickel doped NINH crystals were assigned from Fourier-transform infrared peaks of good resolution. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum presents the percentage of carbon, oxygen and nickel occurs in the sample. The strength of the samples have deliberated with the help of Vicker’s microhardness tester. The decomposition point of both NH and N1NH crystals has been measured by thermal analysis. The dielectric constant of both NH and N1NH crystals was also determined. Green emission which denotes second harmonic generation (SHG) process for the samples generally confirms the nonlinear optical (NLO) activity of the NH and N1NH crystals and it has been tested successfully based on the technique of Kurtz-Perry. The SHG efficiency values of NH and N1NH samples are comparable with KDP which has been used as reference sample as it is being used commercially. Basically, NH and NINH crystal samples were used for many medical applications. Therefore, the antifungal activity was also focused for investigation against two famous fungi like Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus

Structural, mechanical, thermal, optical and antifungal properties of pure and nickel doped ninhydrin non liner single crystals

82-88A conventional method was adopted to prepare pure ninhydrin (NH) and nickel doped ninhydrin (N1NH) single crystals. The present investigation focused on various properties of as grown NH and NINH crystals. Monoclinic crystal structure with P21 space group which is attractive phenomena were noticed in structural mode of grown NH and NINH crystals. Various vibrations of functional groups related to NH and nickel doped NINH crystals were assigned from Fourier-transform infrared peaks of good resolution. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum presents the percentage of carbon, oxygen and nickel occurs in the sample. The strength of the samples have deliberated with the help of Vicker’s microhardness tester. The decomposition point of both NH and N1NH crystals has been measured by thermal analysis. The dielectric constant of both NH and N1NH crystals was also determined. Green emission which denotes second harmonic generation (SHG) process for the samples generally confirms the nonlinear optical (NLO) activity of the NH and N1NH crystals and it has been tested successfully based on the technique of Kurtz-Perry. The SHG efficiency values of NH and N1NH samples are comparable with KDP which has been used as reference sample as it is being used commercially. Basically, NH and NINH crystal samples were used for many medical applications. Therefore, the antifungal activity was also focused for investigation against two famous fungi like Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus

The genetic structure of south Asian populations as revealed by 650 000 SNPs

The analyses of dense marker sets covering the whole genome has revolutionised the field of (human) population genetics. Driven largely by the needs of biomedical research, these new data are helping to unveil our demographic past, exemplified by the study of mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation during the past ∼20 years. We have analysed (Illumina 650K SNPs) over 320 new samples from South and Central Asia and the Caucasus, together with the publicly available databases (HGDP panel and our published data set of ∼600 Eurasian samples) and illustrated the power of full genome analyses by addressing two specific questions. (i) What is the nature of genetic continuity and discontinuity between South Asia, Middle East and Central Asia? (ii) What are the genetic origins of the Munda speakers of India? We use principal component and structure-like analyses to reveal the structure in the genome wide SNP data. The most striking feature of the genetic structure of South Asian populations is the clear separation of the Indus valley and southern India populations. The genetic component prevalent in the latter region is marginal in the former and absent outside South Asia. By contrast, the component ubiquitous to Indus valley is also present (∼30-40 %) among Indo-European speakers from Ganges valley and Dravidic speakers in southern India. Furthermore, this component can also be found in Central Asia and the Caucasus as well as in Middle East. We explored possibilities to identify the source region for this genetic component. Alternative models put the origins of Munda languages speakers either in South Asia (the Munda speakers sport exclusively autochthonous South Asian mtDNA variants) or in Southeast Asia, where the other Austro Asiatic languages have spread. Y-chromosome variation supports the latter model through sharing of hg O2a in both regions. We show that in addition to the dominant ancestry component being shared between the Indian Dravidic and Munda speakers, up to 30% of Munda speakers retain an ancestry component otherwise prevalent in East Asia. There is no widespread sign of South Asian ancestry component in Southeast Asia. This provides genomic support to the model by which Indian Austro-Asiatic populations derive from dispersal from Southeast/East Asia, followed by an extensive admixture with local Indian populations

Heat transfer enhancement by hybrid nano additives—Graphene nanoplatelets/cellulose nanocrystal for the automobile cooling system (Radiator)

A radiator is used to remove a portion of the heat generated by a vehicle engine. It is challenging to efficiently maintain the heat transfer in an automotive cooling system even though both internal and external systems need enough time to keep pace with catching up with evolving engine technology advancements. The effectiveness of a unique hybrid’s heat transfer nanofluid was investigated in this study. The hybrid nanofluid was mainly composed of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) nanoparticles suspended in a 40:60 ratio of distilled water and ethylene glycol. A counterflow radiator equipped with a test rig setup was used to evaluate the hybrid nano fluid’s thermal performance. According to the findings, the proposed GNP/CNC hybrid nanofluid performs better in relation to improving the efficiency of heat transfer of a vehicle radiator. The suggested hybrid nanofluid enhanced convective heat transfer coefficient by 51.91%, overall heat transfer coefficient by 46.72%, and pressure drop by 34.06% with respect to distilled water base fluid. Additionally, the radiator could reach a better CHTC with 0.01% hybrid nanofluid in the optimized radiator tube by the size reduction assessment using computational fluid analysis. In addition to downsizing the radiator tube and increasing cooling capacity over typical coolants, the radiator takes up less space and helps to lower the weight of a vehicle engine. As a result, the suggested unique hybrid graphene nanoplatelets/cellulose nanocrystal-based nanofluids perform better in heat transfer enhancement in automobiles

The light skin allele of SLC24A5 in South Asians and Europeans shares identity by descent.

Skin pigmentation is one of the most variable phenotypic traits in humans. A non-synonymous substitution (rs1426654) in the third exon of SLC24A5 accounts for lighter skin in Europeans but not in East Asians. A previous genome-wide association study carried out in a heterogeneous sample of UK immigrants of South Asian descent suggested that this gene also contributes significantly to skin pigmentation variation among South Asians. In the present study, we have quantitatively assessed skin pigmentation for a largely homogeneous cohort of 1228 individuals from the Southern region of the Indian subcontinent. Our data confirm significant association of rs1426654 SNP with skin pigmentation, explaining about 27% of total phenotypic variation in the cohort studied. Our extensive survey of the polymorphism in 1573 individuals from 54 ethnic populations across the Indian subcontinent reveals wide presence of the derived-A allele, although the frequencies vary substantially among populations. We also show that the geospatial pattern of this allele is complex, but most importantly, reflects strong influence of language, geography and demographic history of the populations. Sequencing 11.74 kb of SLC24A5 in 95 individuals worldwide reveals that the rs1426654-A alleles in South Asian and West Eurasian populations are monophyletic and occur on the background of a common haplotype that is characterized by low genetic diversity. We date the coalescence of the light skin associated allele at 22-28 KYA. Both our sequence and genome-wide genotype data confirm that this gene has been a target for positive selection among Europeans. However, the latter also shows additional evidence of selection in populations of the Middle East, Central Asia, Pakistan and North India but not in South India

Metal(loid) speciation and transformation by aerobic methanotrophs

Abstract: Manufacturing and resource industries are the key drivers for economic growth with a huge environmental cost (e.g. discharge of industrial effluents and post-mining substrates). Pollutants from waste streams, either organic or inorganic (e.g. heavy metals), are prone to interact with their physical environment that not only affects the ecosystem health but also the livelihood of local communities. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals or trace metals (e.g. chromium, mercury) are non-biodegradable, bioaccumulate through food-web interactions and are likely to have a long-term impact on ecosystem health. Microorganisms provide varied ecosystem services including climate regulation, purification of groundwater, rehabilitation of contaminated sites by detoxifying pollutants. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of methanotrophs, a group of bacteria that can use methane as a sole carbon and energy source, to transform toxic metal (loids) such as chromium, mercury and selenium. In this review, we synthesise recent advances in the role of essential metals (e.g. copper) for methanotroph activity, uptake mechanisms alongside their potential to transform toxic heavy metal (loids). Case studies are presented on chromium, selenium and mercury pollution from the tanneries, coal burning and artisanal gold mining, respectively, which are particular problems in the developing economy that we propose may be suitable for remediation by methanotrophs. 6g_ZKsLH11vt1AExshJzH4Video Abstrac

Purification and characterization of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-induced RNA replicase / by R. Kumarasamy

vii, 121 leaves : ill., graphs, tables ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Biochemistry, 198

High heat transfer using hybrid engine coolant

To develop a stable nanofluid based on water & ethylene glycol by using nanoparticles graphene and crystal nano cellulose (cnc) and analyze the characteristic properties and the thermo-physical properties of water & ethylene glycol-based graphene/cnc hybrid nanofluids and evaluate the heat transfer performance of the newly developed hybrid nanofluid in a radiato

Superconductivity and morphological studies on Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Sr<SUB>2</SUB>CaCu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB> single crystals grown from stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric melts

Single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (2212) have been grown by self-flux technique using stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric melts of excess CuO and Bi2O3. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies have been made on the grown crystals to confirm their single crystallinity and structure respectively. Resistivity and susceptibility measurements provide information on the superconducting nature of the crystals. The effects of fluxing agents and starting composition on surface morphology and superconducting properties have been discussed