A qq-anaolg of the sixth Painlev\'e equation

A $q$-difference analog of the sixth Painlev\'e equation is presented. It arises as the condition for preserving the connection matrix of linear $q$-difference equations, in close analogy with the monodromy preserving deformation of linear differential equations. The continuous limit and special solutions in terms of $q$-hypergeometric functions are also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX file (Two misprints corrected

Singularity confinement and algebraic integrability

Two important notions of integrability for discrete mappings are algebraic integrability and singularity confinement, have been used for discrete mappings. Algebraic integrability is related to the existence of sufficiently many conserved quantities whereas singularity confinement is associated with the local analysis of singularities. In this paper, the relationship between these two notions is explored for birational autonomous mappings. Two types of results are obtained: first, algebraically integrable mappings are shown to have the singularity confinement property. Second, a proof of the non-existence of algebraic conserved quantities of discrete systems based on the lack of confinement property is given.Comment: 18 pages, no figur

On a q-difference Painlev\'e III equation: I. Derivation, symmetry and Riccati type solutions

A q-difference analogue of the Painlev\'e III equation is considered. Its derivations, affine Weyl group symmetry, and two kinds of special function type solutions are discussed.Comment: arxiv version is already officia

On reductions of some KdV-type systems and their link to the quartic He'non-Heiles Hamiltonian

A few 2+1-dimensional equations belonging to the KP and modified KP hierarchies are shown to be sufficient to provide a unified picture of all the integrable cases of the cubic and quartic H\'enon-Heiles Hamiltonians.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, NATO ARW, 15-19 september 2002, Elb

Coccidioidomycosis in New York State.

Coccidioidomycosis, a systemic fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis, is endemic in the southwestern United States and in parts of Mexico and Central and South America. Only sporadic cases have been reported in areas (including New York) where the disease is not endemic. We used hospital discharge records and state mycology laboratory data to investigate the characteristics of C. immitis infections among New York State residents. From 1992 to 1997, 161 persons had hospital discharge diagnoses of coccidioidomycosis (ICD9 Code 114.0 - 114.5, 114.9). From 1989 to 1997, 49 cultures from patients were confirmed as C. immitis; 26 of these patients had traveled to disease-endemic areas. Fourteen of 16 isolates had multilocus genotypes similar to those of Arizona isolates, which corroborates the travel-related acquisition of the disease. Our results indicate that coccidioidomycosis may be more common in New York residents than previously recognized. Increased awareness among health-care providers should improve timely diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis and prevention of associated illnesses and deaths among patients in nondisease-endemic areas

Investigation and validation of PV fed reduced switch asymmetric multilevel inverter using optimization based selective harmonic elimination technique

Pulse width modulation for Selective Harmonics Elimination (SHE) is mostly employed in the reduction of lower order harmonics. The PV system in this research provides input voltage to the reduced switch 31-level inverter, which is based on the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. With a high gain DC-DC single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC), the PV panel output voltage is kept constant. The Grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) approach is used to get the most power out PV scheme. Multi Carrier modulation, a high-frequency modulation technology, is also used in this novel design of the inverter to reduce upper order harmonics. The suggested Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, harmonics is compared to a SHE technique based on a genetic algorithm. The hardware findings were confirmed using DSPIC30F2010 controller simulation, and the recommended system was validated using Matlab simulation

Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Mid-Range Ejection Fraction at Diagnosis: Characterization and Natural History

Background Limited data are available on mid-range ejection fraction (mrEF) patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We sought to define the characteristics, evolution, and long-term prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy patients with mrEF at diagnosis. Methods and Results We analyzed all dilated cardiomyopathy patients consecutively evaluated in the Trieste Heart Muscle Disease Registry from 1988 to 2013. mrEF and reduced ejection fraction (rEF) were defined as baseline left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction values between 40% and 49% and <40%, respectively. All-cause mortality or heart transplantation, sudden cardiac death, or major ventricular arrhythmias were considered as outcome measures. Worsening LV ejection fraction (reduction to <40%) during follow-up was also considered to identify possible predictors of adverse remodeling. Among 812 enrolled patients, 175 (22%) presented with mrEF at presentation. At baseline, as compared with the rEF group, mrEF patients had lower rates of moderate-severe mitral regurgitation and restrictive LV filling pattern. During a median follow-up period of 120 (60-204) months, the mrEF group presented a lower rate of death/heart transplantation (9% versus 36%, P<0.001) and sudden cardiac death or major ventricular arrhythmias (4.5% versus 15%, P<0.001) than rEF patients. Moreover, 29 out of 175 mrEF patients (17%) evolved to rEF. Restrictive LV filling pattern emerged as the strongest predictor of rEF development following multivariable analysis. Conclusions mrEF identified a consistent subgroup of dilated cardiomyopathy patients diagnosed in an earlier stage with subsequent apparent better long-term evolution. However, 17% of these patients evolved into rEF despite the use of medical therapy. A baseline restrictive LV filling pattern was independently associated with subsequent evolution to rEF

Invariant varieties of periodic points for some higher dimensional integrable maps

By studying various rational integrable maps on $\mathbf{\hat C}^d$ with $p$ invariants, we show that periodic points form an invariant variety of dimension $\ge p$ for each period, in contrast to the case of nonintegrable maps in which they are isolated. We prove the theorem: {\it `If there is an invariant variety of periodic points of some period, there is no set of isolated periodic points of other period in the map.'}Comment: 24 page

Discrete analogues of the Liouville equation

The notion of Laplace invariants is transferred to the lattices and discrete equations which are difference analogs of hyperbolic PDE's with two independent variables. The sequence of Laplace invariants satisfy the discrete analog of twodimensional Toda lattice. The terminating of this sequence by zeroes is proved to be the necessary condition for existence of the integrals of the equation under consideration. The formulae are presented for the higher symmetries of the equations possessing integrals. The general theory is illustrated by examples of difference analogs of Liouville equation.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages, submitted to Teor. i Mat. Fi

Optical Solitary Waves in the Higher Order Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

We study solitary wave solutions of the higher order nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the propagation of short light pulses in an optical fiber. Using a scaling transformation we reduce the equation to a two-parameter canonical form. Solitary wave (1-soliton) solutions exist provided easily met inequality constraints on the parameters in the equation are satisfied. Conditions for the existence of N-soliton solutions (N>1) are determined; when these conditions are met the equation becomes the modified KdV equation. A proper subset of these conditions meet the Painleve plausibility conditions for integrability.Comment: REVTeX, 4 pages, no figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let