Capillary Perfusion Kinematics in Lungs of Oxygen-Tolerant Rats

Motivation: Prolonged exposure to oxygen at high concentrations (hyperoxia), a common treatment for hypoxemia, is toxic to the lungs. Rats exposed to 85% O2 for 5-7 days develop tolerance to the otherwise lethal effects of 100% O2. Elucidating the factors that contribute to this tolerance could further our understanding of the mechanisms of lung O2 toxicity. Since vascular remodeling involving loss of capillary volume and endothelial surface area has been reported in lungs from rats exposed to 85% O2 for 7 days, we were interested in evaluating the effect of this hyperoxia model on lung capillary perfusion kinematics. This information is needed for evaluating the effect of this hyperoxia model on the metabolic functions of the pulmonary capillary endothelium, a primary target of O2 toxicity. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of this hyperoxia model on lung capillary mean transit time (tc) and distribution of capillary transit times (hc(t)). Methods: Venous concentration versus time outflow curves of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (FITC-dex), a vascular indicator, and coenzyme Q1 hydroquinone (CoQ1H2), a compound which rapidly equilibrates with lung tissue on passage through the lung, were measured following their bolus injections into the pulmonary artery of isolated lungs from rats exposed to either room air or 85% O2 for 7 days. A capillary surface area index was estimated by measuring the rate of hydrolysis of the angiotensin converting enzyme substrate N-[3-(2-Furyl) acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly (FAPGG) on passage through each lung. The mean transit time and variance of the measured FITC-dex and CoQ1H2 curves were first determined and then used in a mathematical model to estimate and the relative dispersion (RDc) of hc(t). Results: FITC-dex and CoQ1H2 data revealed that hyperoxia decreased lung tc by 41% and increased RDc, a measure of the heterogeneity of hc(t), by 40%. FAPGG data revealed that hyperoxia decreased lung capillary surface area by 56%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of CoQ1H2 for evaluating the effect of hyperoxia on capillary perfusion kinematics in intact rat lungs. The results are important for subsequent evaluation of the effect of hyperoxia on the metabolic functions of the pulmonary capillary endothelium

Distribution of Capillary Transit Times in Isolated Lungs of Oxygen-Tolerant Rats

Rats pre-exposed to 85% O2 for 5–7 days tolerate the otherwise lethal effects of 100% O2. The objective was to evaluate the effect of rat exposure to 85% O2 for 7 days on lung capillary mean transit time (t¯c) and distribution of capillary transit times (h c(t)). This information is important for subsequent evaluation of the effect of this hyperoxia model on the redox metabolic functions of the pulmonary capillary endothelium. The venous concentration vs. time outflow curves of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (FITC-dex), an intravascular indicator, and coenzyme Q1 hydroquinone (CoQ1H2), a compound which rapidly equilibrates between blood and tissue on passage through the pulmonary circulation, were measured following their bolus injection into the pulmonary artery of isolated perfused lungs from rats exposed to room air (normoxic) or 85% O2 for 7 days (hyperoxic). The moments (mean transit time and variance) of the measured FITC-dex and CoQ1H2 outflow curves were determined for each lung, and were then used in a mathematical model [Audi et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 332–351, 1994] to estimate t¯c and the relative dispersion (RDc) of h c(t). Data analysis reveals that exposure to hyperoxia decreases lung t¯c by 42% and increases RDc, a measure h c(t) heterogeneity, by 40%

A bibliography of parasites and diseases of marine and freshwater fishes of India

With the increasing demand for fish as human food, aquaculture both in freshwater and salt water is rapidly developing over the world. In the developing countries, fishes are being raised as food. In many countries fish farming is a very important economic activity. The most recent branch, mariculture, has shown advances in raising fishes in brackish, estuarine and bay waters, in which marine, anadromous and catadromous fishes have successfully been grown and maintained

Effects of antineoplastic drugs on oxidative stress and prognosis of hematological and various biochemical parameters in the treatment of breast cancer

Objective: This study aimed to to evaluate the variation and importance of certain hematological, enzymatic, and oxidative stress markers in women with breast cancer under chemotherapy treatment. Methods: The study comprised forty histopathologically proven female breast cancer patients at Omega Cancer Hospital in Visakhapatnam. All subjects were divided into four groups: a control group of 40 healthy females of similar age, a group of 40 breast cancer patients (before chemotherapy, during chemotherapy, and after chemotherapy), and all subjects were undergoing treatment with anticancer agents. Results: During chemotherapy, lipid peroxidation and Nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly increased in AC-treated breast cancer patients than in controls. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were non-significant increase in treatment group than controls. Whereas biochemical profiles, were decreased in treatment group than controls. In AC-treated breast cancer patients, Hematological profiles were found significantly reduced than in controls. Conclusion: Chemotherapy causes a certain amount of systemic oxidative stress, which persists during subsequent clinical interventions and may influence the patients' clinical outcomes. Chemotherapy produced significant adverse effects such as anaemia, neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatic dysfunction as a side effect of treatment due to disturbed and lowered levels of haematological parameters.breast cance

Synthesis of porous LiMn2O4 hollow nanofibers by electrospinning with extraordinary lithium storage properties

10.1039/c3cc43874kChemical Communications49596677-6679CHCO

Electrospun NiO nanofibers as high performance anode material for Li-ion batteries

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.050Journal of Power Sources227284-290JPSO

Electrospun nanofibers: A prospective electro-active material for constructing high performance Li-ion batteries

10.1039/c4cc07824aChemical Communications51122225-223

A novel strategy to construct high performance lithium-ion cells using one dimensional electrospun nanofibers, electrodes and separators

10.1039/c3nr04486fNanoscale52110636-1064