Indian Idols Drinking Milk: Understanding the Phenomenon and Its Implications for Social Reform

The mass media have occasionally been reporting miracles such as stone idols sipping milk or bleeding in India The author argues for viewing such irrational happenings as the examples of the social psychological phenomenon of conformity to the group norms i e informal unwritten prescriptions of what the group might think to be right and desirable By identifying people as likely 1 sources of accurate information and 2 standards of desirable behaviors in a given situation it is proposed that a shift from conformity to the norms to compliance to the laws might be helpful in building a New Indi

Psychological Foundations of the Cleanliness Initiative in Ahmedabad City of India

Spitting on the roads of and littering around a city in India have been of concern to national leaders and civil servants since the pre-independence years It was unsurprising therefore that the Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan SBA as a nation-wide cleanliness campaign on October 2 2014 at Rajghat New Delhi The cleanliness initiative by the Ahmedabad Municipal Commissioner i dissuades spitting on the roads and littering around the city ii collects fines from those whose photos are captured by CCTV cameras and iii invites active participation of all residents of Ahmedabad in the cleanliness drive The authors present psychological foundations of this initiative arguing that all residents ought to hold the offender and anyone else associated with such an offense as accountable Further they raise four new issues with the current cleanliness drive and offer suggestions for how to resolve the

PENGARUH SELF REGULATED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 3 JAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh observasi pendahuluan dengan melakukan pengamatan secara langsung dan wawancara dengan pendidik dan peserta didik SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jakarta oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh faktor internal dalam diri peserta didik (self regulated learning) yang diiringi penggunan model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar fisika peserta didik di SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jakarta. Metode penelitian One Group Pretest-Postest Design. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Non-probability sampling dengan metode quota sampling. Pada pengujian validitas 34 butir kuisioner self regulated learning (SRL) sebanyak 31 butir valid dan 3 butir drop. Pada pengujian reabilitas dengan kategori reabilitas sangat tinggi. Pada pengujian validitas soal tes hasil belajar fisika menggunakan 33 soal pilihan ganda dengan 25 soal valid dan 8 soal drop. Pada saat uji reabilitas menggunakan microfost excel = 0,443, maka dapat dilihat dari hasil uji reabilitas tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrument tersebut reliable. Dari perhitungan uji kesukaran yang dilakukan 21 soal masuk ke dalam kategori mudah, 4 soal masuk kategori sedang, dan 0 soal masuk kategori sukar. Pada uji daya pembeda soal 5 soal masuk kategori kurang, 15 soal masuk dalam kategori cukup baik, 5 soal masuk dalam kategori baik. Setelah itu dilakukannya pretest dan posttest dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dari sebelumnya dan sesudah diberi perlakuan. Selanjutnya pada uji normalitas diperoleh signifikansi hitung 1,00 (tidak normal) pada kuisioner SRL, 0,143 (normal) pada pretest dan 0,1082 (normal) pada posttest. Uji homogenitas dapat disimpulkan data bersifat homogen karena = 3.76 < = 35.172 dengan taraf signifikansi 0.05. Pada uji hipotesis menggunakan uji gain, dapat dilihat adanya peningkatan yang signifikan dari penelitian ini. Maka dari ini bahwa diterima dan ditolak

Analysis of rapidly synthesized guest-filled porous complexes with synchrotron radiation: practical guidelines for the crystalline sponge method

A detailed set of synthetic and crystallographic guidelines for the crystalline sponge method based upon the analysis of expediently synthesized crystal sponges using third-generation synchrotron radiation are reported. The procedure for the synthesis of the zinc-based metal–organic framework used in initial crystal sponge reports has been modified to yield competent crystals in 3 days instead of 2 weeks. These crystal sponges were tested on some small molecules, with two being unexpectedly difficult cases for analysis with in-house diffractometers in regard to data quality and proper space-group determination. These issues were easily resolved by the use of synchrotron radiation using data-collection times of less than an hour. One of these guests induced a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation to create a larger unit cell with over 500 non-H atoms in the asymmetric unit. This led to a non-trivial refinement scenario that afforded the best Flack x absolute stereochemical determination parameter to date for these systems. The structures did not require the use of PLATON/SQUEEZE or other solvent-masking programs, and are the highest-quality crystalline sponge systems reported to date where the results are strongly supported by the data. A set of guidelines for the entire crystallographic process were developed through these studies. In particular, the refinement guidelines include strategies to refine the host framework, locate guests and determine occupancies, discussion of the proper use of geometric and anisotropic displacement parameter restraints and constraints, and whether to perform solvent squeezing/masking. The single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation process for the crystal sponges is also discussed. The presented general guidelines will be invaluable for researchers interested in using the crystalline sponge method at in-house diffraction or synchrotron facilities, will facilitate the collection and analysis of reliable high-quality data, and will allow construction of chemically and physically sensible models for guest structural determination

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBASIS SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TERHADAP BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh hasil belajar fisika siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada siswa kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jakarta pada semester 1 tahun ajaran 2019-2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik sampling jenuh.Pada uji validitas dengan menggunakan Kolerasi Product Moment, sebanyak 25 soal uraian dengan 21 soal valid dan 4 soal drop. Sedangkan uji realibilitas menggunakan rumus KR-21 memperoleh rhitung = 0,567 > rtabel 0,3961, maka data tersebut memiliki instrument yang reliabel.Selanjutnya data analisis uji persyaratan yaitu uji normalitas dengan menggunakan uji Liliefors Galat Taksiran diperoleh L0 0,141 < Lt 0,173, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal. Sedangkan uji homogenitas dengan menggunakan dua varian atau uji fisher diperoleh pre-tes kelas kontrol dan eksperimen Fhitung < Ftabel (1,23 < 1,98), sedangkan post test kelas kontrol dan eksperimen Fhitung < Ftabel (1,07 < 1,98), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa uji homogenitas tersebut memiliki data varians kelompok berdistribusi homogen.Pada uji hipotesis digunakan uji-t diperoleh pre test kelas kontrol dan eksperimen thitung < ttabel(0,02 < 2,065) hipotesis nol (H0) diterima. sedangkan post test kelas kontrol dan eksperimen thitung > ttabel (4,62 >1,67) pada α = 0,05 hipotesis nol (Ha) diterima yang menyatakan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan pada pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada hasil belajar yang mengacu pada berpikir kreatif siswa kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jakarta

Optimization of influential parameters for extracellular keratinase production of Bacillus subtilis (MTCC9102) in solid state fermentation using horn meal - a biowaste management

A Bacillus subtilis (MTCC9102) isolate was shown to produce significant amount of keratinase under optimized conditions in solid-state fermentation using Horn meal as a substrate. Optimized value for moisture, inoculum, and aeration were found to be 100% (v/w), 50% (v/w), and 150% (w/w), respectively, and the optimum nitrogen source was peptone and carbon source was dextrose. Maximum keratinolytic activity was observed at 48 h after incubation, and the optimum age (24 h) of inoculum was significant. The influence of cultivation temperature and initial pH of the medium on keratinase production revealed the optimum values for the temperature and pH as 37&#176;C and 7, respectively. Maximum keratinase activity of the crude extract was 15,972 U/mg/ml. These results indicate that this bacterial strain shows a high biotechnological potential for keratinase production in solid-state fermentation, and use of the horn meal as the substrate can be implemented for keratinous solid wastes management

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PBM) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS (KPS) SISWA DALAM PELAJARAN FISIKA SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membuktikan secara empiris bahwa terdapat pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) siswa dalam pelajaran fisika. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 41 Jakarta pada kelas XI IPA Semester genap tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 dengan Bab Fluida Statis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan desain penelitian One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Dan dalam teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian menggunakan teknik Purpossive Sampling. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu 38 siswa yang terdiri dari kelas eksperimen. Sebelum data digunakan pada kelas Eksperimen, data diuji coba di SMA Negeri 64 Jakarta. Setelah itu data digunakan pada kelas Eksperimen dan data yang didapatkan dianalisis terlebih dahulu dengan uji prasyarat analisis melalui uji normalitas menggunakan Uji Lilliefors Galat Taksiran sehingga didapatkan nilai Lhitung = 0,120 < Ltabel = 0,144, maka kelas eksperimen dinyatakan berdistribusi normal. Untuk uji homogenitas menggunakan Uji Bartlett didapatkan nilai x2 hitung = 3,30 < x2 tabel = 28,9, maka kelas eksperimen dinyatakan homogen. Dan dalam pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Uji-t didapatkan nilai thitung = 3,052 > ttabel = 1,697. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) siswa dalam pelajaran fisika

Structure–conductivity correlation in ferric chloride-doped poly(3-hexylthiophene)

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) matrix has been chemically doped (redox doping) by ferric chloride (FeCl3) with different molar concentrations to get P3HT–FeCl3 charge-transfer complexes. The effect of redox doping on photo-physical, structural, and morphological properties and dc electrical conductivity of P3HT matrices has been examined. The dc conductivity has been measured on films of pristine P3HT and P3HT–FeCl3 charge-transfer complexes in the temperature range 6–300 K. Analysis of dc conductivity data reveals that in the temperature range 40–300 K, the dc conductivity is predominantly governed by Mott's 3-dimensional variable range hopping (3D-VRH); however, below 40 K tunnelling seems to dominate. A slight deviation from 3D-VRH to 1D-VRH is observed with an increase in doping level or precisely with an increase in the extent of P3HT–FeCl3 charge-transfer complexes. We attribute this deviation to the induced expansion in crystallographic lattices as revealed by x-ray diffraction data and formation of discrete conducting domains as observed by atomic force microscope imaging

Estimation of water requirement for soybean (Glycine max) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) under vertisols of Madhya Pradesh

The present study was undertaken to evaluate various methods of estimating evapotranspiration to predict water requirement of soybean and wheat crops for nine selected districts of Madhya Pradesh under vertisols. Four methods (Penmann-Montieth, Hargreaves, SCS-Blaney-Criddle and Thornthwaite) of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) estimation were compared for assessing their predictive capability for Bhopal and Indore districts using meteorological data. Reference evapotranspiration was estimated by using Penmann-Montieth method for two districts (Bhopal and Indore) for which data on solar radiation were available and Hargreaves method for remaining seven districts (Chhindwara, Dhar, Guna, Hoshangabad, Jabalpur, Khandawa and Raisen). Crop water requirements were determined through field experiments conducted during 2008 to 2010 for soybean and 2008-09 to 2010-11 for wheat crops using non-weighing type lysimeters at research farm of Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal. The study revealed that among the four methods, Hargreaves method estimated ET0 values with minimum deviation (4.24%) for Bhopal as compared to Penmann-Monteith. The water requirement of soybean and wheat estimated by Penmann-Monteith method was in close agreement (-2.58% and 9.26% deviation) with the measured average water requirement (401.6 and 352.2 mm) respectively followed by Hargreaves method for Bhopal district. It is also inferred that in absence of solar radiation data Hargreaves method could be considered for predicting water requirement of soybean and wheat crops. These water requirement values are useful for effective planning of irrigation scheduling of the soybean and wheat crops in the State