Analysis of challenging reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the knee joint and evolving a treatment algorithm

Background: The soft tissue defects around knee joint give a challenging experience to reconstruct. There are various ways to reconstruct soft tissue defects around knee joint. In this study, a reconstructive algorithm is formed for soft tissue defect around knee joint using pedicled flaps.Methods: Reconstructive procedures were done for 15 cases of soft tissue defects around knee joints following different etiologies during the tenure of January 2017 to December 2018 in the Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai.Results: Soft tissue defects around knee joint need flap to have a durable cover, to protect the underlying structures – bones, vessels, tendon, and to enable ease of free movement of knee joint without producing contracture. There are various etiologies for soft tissue defects around knee joint-post traumatic injuries, post total knee replacement, post electric burn injuries, post burn scar contracture release of knee joint. 15 cases of soft tissue defects around knee joint were reconstructed using various pedicled flaps-medial thigh rotation flap, gastrocnemius muscle and myocutaneous flap, reverse anterolateral thigh flap, propeller flap. In this retrospective study, reconstructive algorithm for soft tissue defects around knee joint is provided.Conclusions: The reconstruction of soft tissue defects around knee joint is difficult one. In this study, a simple reconstructive algorithm is provided based on the experience in Department of Burns, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai

A Review Paper on Technical Data of Present HVDC Links in India

HVDC trend is increasing day by day due to its technical advantages over AC like long distance bulk power transmission, asynchronous integration of AC systems etc. One of the important applications of HVDC is bulk power wind energy transmission from offshore to onshore grid. This paper provides present complete individual technical data of HVDC links of both Bi-polar and Back-to-back transmissions projects commissioned in India. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16044

Black hole area quantization

It has been argued by several authors that the quantum mechanical spectrum of black hole horizon area must be discrete. This has been confirmed in different formalisms, using different approaches. Here we concentrate on two approaches, the one involving quantization on a reduced phase space of collective coordinates of a Black Hole and the algebraic approach of Bekenstein. We show that for non-rotating, neutral black holes in any spacetime dimension, the approaches are equivalent. We introduce a primary set of operators sufficient for expressing the dynamical variables of both, thus mapping the observables in the two formalisms onto each other. The mapping predicts a Planck size remnant for the black hole.Comment: 7 pages, uses MPLA style file (included). Revised version with changes in notation for clarity and consistency. To appear in MPL

Super-A-polynomials for Twist Knots

We conjecture formulae of the colored superpolynomials for a class of twist knots $K_p$ where p denotes the number of full twists. The validity of the formulae is checked by applying differentials and taking special limits. Using the formulae, we compute both the classical and quantum super-A-polynomial for the twist knots with small values of p. The results support the categorified versions of the generalized volume conjecture and the quantum volume conjecture. Furthermore, we obtain the evidence that the Q-deformed A-polynomials can be identified with the augmentation polynomials of knot contact homology in the case of the twist knots.Comment: 22+16 pages, 16 tables and 5 figures; with a Maple program by Xinyu Sun and a Mathematica notebook in the ancillary files linked on the right; v2 change in appendix B, typos corrected and references added; v3 change in section 3.3; v4 corrections in Ooguri-Vafa polynomials and quantum super-A-polynomials for 7_2 and 8_1 are adde

Synthesis, characterization and anti-microbial screening of novel heterocyclic system containing bridgehead nitrogen atom

ABSTRACT The nicotino hydrazide (1) on reaction with carbon disulphide and ethanolic potassium hydroxide followed by treatment with hydrazine hydrate give 4-amino-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (3). The compound (3) when treated carbon disulphide in ethanolic potassium hydroxide undergo cycloaddition to produce 3-(pyridin-3-yl)

Spectrum of rotating black holes and its implications for Hawking radiation

The reduced phase space formalism for quantising black holes has recently been extended to find the area and angular momentum spectra of four dimensional Kerr black holes. We extend this further to rotating black holes in all spacetime dimensions and show that although as in four dimensions the spectrum is discrete, it is not equispaced in general. As a result, Hawking radiation spectra from these black holes are continuous, as opposed to the discrete spectrum predicted for four dimensional black holes.Comment: 11 pages, Revtex4. Minor changes to match version to appear in Class. Quant. Gra

Working Group Report: Neutrino and Astroparticle Physics

This is the report of neutrino and astroparticle physics working group at WHEPP-8. We present the discussions carried out during the workshop on selected topics in the above fields and also indicate progress made subsequently. The neutrino physics subgroup studied the possibilites of constraining neutrino masses, mixing and CPT violation in lepton sector from future experiments. Neutrino mass models in the context of abelian horizontal symmetries, warped extra dimensions and in presence of triplet Higgs were studied. Effect of threshold corrections on radiative magnification of mixing angles was investigated. The astroparticle physics subgroup focused on how various particle physics inputs affect the CMBR fluctuation spectrum, and on brane cosmology. This report also contains an introduction on how to use the publicly available code CMBFAST to calculate the CMBR fluctuations.Comment: Prepared for the 8th Workshop on High-Energy Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP-8), IIT Mumbai, India, 5-16 Jan 200

Challenges of beta-deformation

A brief review of problems, arising in the study of the beta-deformation, also known as "refinement", which appears as a central difficult element in a number of related modern subjects: beta \neq 1 is responsible for deviation from free fermions in 2d conformal theories, from symmetric omega-backgrounds with epsilon_2 = - epsilon_1 in instanton sums in 4d SYM theories, from eigenvalue matrix models to beta-ensembles, from HOMFLY to super-polynomials in Chern-Simons theory, from quantum groups to elliptic and hyperbolic algebras etc. The main attention is paid to the context of AGT relation and its possible generalizations.Comment: 20 page

Movement Protein Pns6 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus Has Both ATPase and RNA Binding Activities

Cell-to-cell movement is essential for plant viruses to systemically infect host plants. Plant viruses encode movement proteins (MP) to facilitate such movement. Unlike the well-characterized MPs of DNA viruses and single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses, knowledge of the functional mechanisms of MPs encoded by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses is very limited. In particular, many studied MPs of DNA and ssRNA viruses bind non-specifically ssRNAs, leading to models in which ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) move from cell to cell. Thus, it will be of special interest to determine whether MPs of dsRNA viruses interact with genomic dsRNAs or their derivative sRNAs. To this end, we studied the biochemical functions of MP Pns6 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus (RDV), a member of Phytoreovirus that contains a 12-segmented dsRNA genome. We report here that Pns6 binds both dsRNAs and ssRNAs. Intriguingly, Pns6 exhibits non-sequence specificity for dsRNA but shows preference for ssRNA sequences derived from the conserved genomic 5′- and 3′- terminal consensus sequences of RDV. Furthermore, Pns6 exhibits magnesium-dependent ATPase activities. Mutagenesis identified the RNA binding and ATPase activity sites of Pns6 at the N- and C-termini, respectively. Our results uncovered the novel property of a viral MP in differentially recognizing dsRNA and ssRNA and establish a biochemical basis to enable further studies on the mechanisms of dsRNA viral MP functions