SCALE MODELING OF ALUMINUM MELTING FURNACE

Secondary (recycled) aluminum constitutes around 48% of the total aluminum used in the United States. Secondary aluminum melting is accomplished in large reverberatory furnaces, and improving its energy efficiency has been one of the major interests to aluminum industries. To assist the industries in improving energy efficiency in aluminum melting, an experimental research furnace (ERF), with 907 kg (2000 lbs) capacity, has been built at the Albany Research Center of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of this multi-partner research program. To verify that the experimental results obtained in the ERF furnace are valid for the operation of industrial furnaces, we used scale modeling technology to assist the validation. In this thesis, scaling laws, which are applied to the thermal conduction loss through the model furnace, were developed and the partial modeling relaxation technique was applied to the development of modeling to derive achievable scaling laws. The model experiments were conducted in the model furnace, which was a one-fourth scaled-down version from the ERF furnace (as a prototype), and then compared to the tests in the ERF furnace. The temperature distributions across both the model and prototype were shown to be in good agreement. Confirmation of the scaling laws demonstrated the usefulness of the scale modeling concept and its applicability to analyze complex melting processes in aluminum melting

Implementation Strategy of Tomato Plant Disease Detection using Optimized Feature Extraction Method

Tomato plants normally have a single growing season, during which they develop, bear fruit, and then perish. The species first appeared in Western South America, Mexico, and Central America. In the sixteenth century, they were brought to various regions. They produce self-pollinating yellow blooms. After being pollinated, the blooms turn into fruits, which, depending on the type, might be red, yellow, green, or even purple. Tomatoes are a well-liked element in many recipes, including salads, sauces, and soups. They are high in vitamins A and C, potassium, and antioxidants. They are afflicted by several illnesses that can seriously harm the plant and lower crop output. These illnesses were brought on by a variety of minor inadequacies in the soil, air, and the major. These diseases are produced by a range of mineral deficiencies in the soil, and the air, and their primary causes include insects and fungi. We discovered that machine learning is a potential avenue for detecting these diseases before they spread to the plant. As a result, we thought about using Feature Extraction Methods to optimize the dat

Formulation and Evaluation of Extended Release Tablet of Oxybutynin Hydrochloride.

The present investigation relates to the development of extended release matrix tablets containing Oxybutynin Hydrochloride for the treatment of over reactive urinary bladder. Oxybutynin Hydrochloride is an anticholinergic agent, having short half life of (2-3hours) the development of extended release formulations of Oxybutynin Hydrochloride is therefore therapeutic relevance and can be used to provide a consistent dosage through extending an appropriate level of drug over time. To achieve this goal various prototype formulation trials are taken and evaluated with respect to the various quality control such as dissolution. The formula will be finalized by comparing the in vitro dissolution profile with that of the Ditropan tablets. Reason for selection of delayed release dosage form: Due to instability in acidic environment, a trail was made to by-pass the stomach by using enteric coating which thereby improves bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy with no degradation of drug. Objective of the study: To formulate and evaluate Extended release tablets of Oxybutynin Hydrochloride. To determine the best fit dissolution profile for dosage form. To study the release profile of the dosage form and to compare their drug-release profiles with the Ditropan(innovator). To study the stability of the optimized formulation. The oral extended release matrix tablet containing 15mg of Oxubutynin Hydrochloride provided extended release for 24 hours. The hydrophilic polymer HPMC K100M alone gave a satisfied release profile compared in combination with Kollidon K90 F. The optimized formulation followed first order kinetics while the drug release mechanism was non-Fickan (Anomalous type) controlled by diffusion through swollen matrix. The optimized formulation F8 and the marketed formulation (Ditropan) were found to have a similar in vitro release profile, which is confirmed by f1 and f2 values. A month of stability study data revealed no marked changes in the physical parameters and drug release profile

Green Synthesis & Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antianxiety Agents

Benzimidazole is one of the most important heterocyclic compound, having varied biological activities and still of great scientific interest now a days. They are widely found in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry with application in drug discovery. In the present study some novel benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized under green synthesis by solvent free conditions by using catalytic amount of silica supported sodium hydrogen sulphate according to the scheme. All the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives have been characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and HPLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their anti anxiety and neurotoxicity activities by elevated plus maze test in mice. Test compounds and diazepam was administered intraperitoneally in antianxiety study at dose of 2 mg/kg. Compounds BZ-6 & BZ-7 showed highest antianxiety activity compared to diazepam and did not show neurotoxicity in rotarod test. All the compounds exhibited moderate to significant antianxiety activity

Synthesis and Biological Screening of Benzothiazole Derivatives with Pyrazole Moiety

Benzothiazole is one of the most important heterocyclic compound, weak base, having varied biological activities and still of great scientific interest now a days. They are widely found in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry with application in drug discovery. In the present study some novel benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized according to the scheme. All the synthesized benzothiazole derivatives have been characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and HPLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity (MIC) in vitro by broth dilution method with two Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria and two fungal strains. The biological activities of the synthesized compounds have been compared with standard drugs Ciprofloxacin and Flucanazole. Analgesic activities were tested by Tail-flick method and Writhing method. The anti-pyretic activity was evaluated using Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in rats. The compounds exhibited significant and moderate antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities. These compounds can be further exploited to get the potent lead compounds. The detailed synthesis and the antimicrobial screening of the new compounds are reported

Why does Euclid’s GCD algorithm work?

We start with the definition of the GCD of two numbers. (Throughout this article, ‘number’ means ‘integer.’) Definition: The GCD or ‘Greatest Common Divisor’ of two numbers, also called the Highest Common Factor (HCF), is: • A divisor of both the numbers, i.e., it is a common divisor. • Of all the common divisors, it is the greatest. Note that the GCD is a multiple of every other common factor of the two numbers

Review on engineering biomaterials in tissue engineering application

Biomaterials are the materials used to restore or replace functions in body tissues and are continuously or occasionally in contact with body fluids. Today, biomaterials are being used for wound dressing to soft and heard tissue repairs. In this review, we present a brief elucidation of biomaterials that are being developed for engineering tissues including biocompatible metals, ceramics, polymers and hydrogels. Surgical implant made up of stainless steel, titanium alloys are some of the widely accepted metallic alloys in tissue engineering treatment. Along with these metals, bioceramics made up of hydroxyapatite (HA) and Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are analogous to the inorganic constituents of hard tissues of vertebrates. In recent years, hydrophilic biodegradable fibers with nanometer range have attracted great attention due to their non-immunogenic, non-toxic and bioresorbable nature.          &nbsp

Formation of binary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with L-DOPA in dioxan-water mixtures

Complexation of essential metal ions with (S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (dopa) in (0-60% v/v) dioxan-water mixtures has been studied pH-metrically at a temperature of 303 K and an ionic strength of 0.16 M. The existence of different binary species was established from modeling studies using the computer program MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were selected based on statistical parameters like crystallographic R factor and sum of the squares of residuals in mass-balance equations. The models for binary complex systems contain the chemical species ML, ML2, MLH, ML2H and ML2H2 for Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) in dioxan-water mixtures. The trend in the variation of stability constants with change in the mole fraction of the medium was explained based on electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. Distribution of the species with pH at different compositions of dioxan-water mixtures was also presented.KEY WORDS: Binary species, Stability constants, Metal, Dopa, Dioxan, pH-metryBull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25(1), 43-52

Innate immune mechanisms of chronic airways disease

University of Technology Sydney. Graduate School of Health.The human respiratory tract is exposed to environmental irritants on a daily basis. The innate immune system is composed of different cellular components including the resident airway epithelium and macrophages and acts as the first line of defense to protect the lung against inhaled irritants. Activation of innate immune pathways is associated with the release of different mediators like cytokines, chemokines, lipid mediators and complement factors to mediate the recruitment of different immune cells into the airway lumen. The role of the innate immune system in chronic airways disease is currently a major area of research in the field and the focus of this thesis. RAGE and TLR4 are two major innate immune receptors implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. We used TLR4, RAGE and TLR4/RAGE deficient mice to study the individual and combined role of these receptors in the airway response to acute cigarette-smoke exposure. We found that RAGE but not TLR4 deficiency protected against cigarette-smoke induced neutrophilic airway inflammation, mediator release and airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Interestingly, TLR4 deficiency exacerbated AHR. Together these findings, suggest that RAGE rather than TLR4 should be pursued as a therapeutic target in COPD. In contrast to our findings above however, we found that dual inhibition of TLR4/RAGE signaling, but not individual inhibition of these receptor pathways, protects against corticosteroid-resistant airway neutrophilia and AHR in an experimental model of severe asthma. Also, by performing a global phosphoproteomics analysis of lung tissue samples, we identified novel signaling pathways activated down-stream of TLR4/RAGE ligation in severe experimental asthma. We also investigated the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in severe asthma. We demonstrated increased expression of MIF, S100A8/A9 and TLR4, and reduced expression of annexin A1 (ANXA1) in subjects with predominant airway neutrophilic inflammation. We also demonstrated that MIF inhibition protects against corticosteroid-resistant neutrophilic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity, and restores corticosteroid sensitivity in an experiental mouse model of severe asthma. Beneficial effects of MIF inhibition were associated with inhibition of S100A8 and CCL11 protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced proteolytic cleavage of ANXA1. While ISO-1 had no effect on the secretion of pro-neutrophilic mediators, including IL-1 family cytokines, it did render these pathways sensitive to inhibition by dexamethasone. Finally, we identified a role for FhHDM-1, an immunomodulatory peptide derived from liver fluke as a novel therapeutic treatment for asthma. Administration of FhHDM-1 protected against eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, mucus secretion and AHR in a mouse model of house-dust mite induced asthma. In summary, the studies in this thesis have uncovered new molecular mechanisms of innate immune activation associated with the inception and progression of COPD and severe asthma, and have identified a novel helminth-based therapy for the treatment of asthma

Detailed Analysis On Security And Performance Of Anonycontrol and Anonycontrol-F

Computing resources are make available enthusiastically via Internet and the data storage and computation are outsourced to somebody or some party in a ‘cloud. It very much pull towards you attention and interest from both academic world and industry due to the profitability. Methods are able to look after user’s space to you against each single authority. Ingredient information is disclosed in AnonyControl and no information is disclosed in AnonyControl-F. We make available detailed analysis on security and performance to show probability of the scheme AnonyControl and Anony Control-F