Understanding Interactions between Researches Institutes and Industry: Indian Perspective

The tangible potential benefits of interactions between public research institutes and industry are often not realized in practice due to many complexities underlying these interactions. As the interaction is between two diverse organizations, it needs considerable management effort at all stages to make it successful and to get the maximum benefit. Therefore, there is every need to study these interactions, and critically examining different dimensions and identifying key factors that matter in institute-industry interface. This will provide an insight into effective management of their interactions. The present study attempts to assess the situation existing in Indian context. It tries to understand the interactions from the perspective of actual researchers and managers of these interactions at research institutes. The study resulted in identifying key factors at different stages of interaction which if managed correctly, increase the probability of effective and successful interactions leading to development of good technologies. The study also tries to explore whether there is any difference in the perception of researchers across the experience levels and disciplines, and also between researchers and managers

Government Initiatives for Developing Technologies in Public Research Institutes through Strategic Relationship with Industry

The relationship between The country that facilitates strategic relationships among research institutes and industries, through appropriate mechanisms, gains a competitive edge through faster technology development, transfer and commercialization. Successful technology development and transfer, needs early identification of potential technologies and assessment of their commercial potential. This study examines various models for technology selection and technology development available in the literature. Also, this communication presents various government initiatives that promote technology development, transfer and commercialization in Indian public research institutes. These initiatives try to bridge the gap between research institutes and industry and help research institutes to commercialize the technologies emanating from it. Important initiatives and their implementation were identified using an explorative study through a review of secondary sources and websites of concerned government departments

FORMULATION OF FLUCONAZOLE AS TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL GELS BY MICROSPONGE BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS

The purpose of present work was to formulate Fluconazole loaded microsponge-based topical delivery system for modified release. Microsponges with varied drug–polymer ratios were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique using Ethyl cellulose as release retard material. Prepared microsponges were studied for particle size and physical characterization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the microsponges porous and spherical in shape. The microsponges were then incorporated in carbopol gel and evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro release. The In vitro drug release showed that microsponges with 1:1.5 drug–polymer ratios (F3) were more efficient to give sustained release of 74.2% at the end of 8 hr. All the microsponge gel formulations (i.e.F1- F10) showed better results like pH between 6.5-7.0, viscosity between 25,030-47,390 cps, spreadability 2-4 cm/s and drug content of 76.20±0.02% to 96.41±0.01%.  Hence, the fabricated microsponge based formulation of Fluconazole would be anticipation and promising substitute to conventional therapy of skin infections

Non-autoregressive End-to-end Approaches for Joint Automatic Speech Recognition and Spoken Language Understanding

This paper presents the use of non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches for joint automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks. The proposed NAR systems employ a Conformer encoder that applies connectionist temporal classification (CTC) to transcribe the speech utterance into raw ASR hypotheses, which are further refined with a bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers (BERT)-like decoder. In the meantime, the intent and slot labels of the utterance are predicted simultaneously using the same decoder. Both Mask-CTC and self-conditioned CTC (SC-CTC) approaches are explored for this study. Experiments conducted on the SLURP dataset show that the proposed SC-Mask-CTC NAR system achieves 3.7% and 3.2% absolute gains in SLU metrics and a competitive level of ASR accuracy, when compared to a Conformer-Transformer based autoregressive (AR) model. Additionally, the NAR systems achieve 6x faster decoding speed than the AR baseline.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted at IEEE SLT202

Flooding attacks to internet threat monitors (ITM): Modeling and counter measures using botnet and honeypots

The Internet Threat Monitoring (ITM),is a globally scoped Internet monitoring system whose goal is to measure, detect, characterize, and track threats such as distribute denial of service(DDoS) attacks and worms. To block the monitoring system in the internet the attackers are targeted the ITM system. In this paper we address flooding attack against ITM system in which the attacker attempt to exhaust the network and ITM's resources, such as network bandwidth, computing power, or operating system data structures by sending the malicious traffic. We propose an information-theoretic frame work that models the flooding attacks using Botnet on ITM. Based on this model we generalize the flooding attacks and propose an effective attack detection using Honeypots

A multilateral model of ecological ammensalism - numerical approach

The paper concerns with the numerical study of a mathematical model of “A Multilateral Model of Ecological Ammensalism - Numerical Approach”. The mathematical model comprises of Ammensal-enemy species pair with (i) a constant number of Ammensal is provided with cover to protect it from enemy(ii)the enemy is provided with alternate resources in addition to the Ammensal species (iii) both the species are immigrated and migrated. The model is organized by a couple of first order non linear ordinary differential equations. The numerical illustrations of the growth equations are computed by implementing the classical Runge-Kutta method of fourth order. The relations among the cover protected constant and the dominance reversal time is investigated. Some conclusions are obtained by the results. AMS Classification: 92 D 25, 92 D 40&nbsp

Watershed development: A solution to water shortages in semi-arid India or part of the problem?

There have been dramatic changes in the hydrology of many of the dry areas of South India in recent years as a result of increased groundwater-based irrigation, watershed development and land use change. Although intensive development of water resources has brought about huge benefits, its very success has thrown up new challenges. Demand and competition for water has increased to the extent that — in some areas — current levels of annual water use are so high that, in all but the wettest years, annual water use approximates towards annual replenishment of surface and ground water resources. In these areas, it is clear that the emphasis should switch from development to the management of water resources to ensure that water is allocated to activities with the highest economic and social value. Although current watershed development programmes bring a range of benefits, they may also change the temporal and spatial pattern of water availability and use. This can result in significant negative trade-offs such as more unreliable domestic water supplies in ‘downstream’ areas, particularly during low rainfall or drought years. As part of the Karnataka Watershed Development Project (KAWAD), a water resource audit assessed the status of water resources in the project watersheds and identified resource management practices that should be promoted by the project. This paper summarises the audit’s findings and recommendations, the main lessons learned and progress to date in implementing recommendations. For comparison, findings and recommendations from a water audit in southern Andhra Pradesh are also summarised.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Prescribing patterns of tramadol in hemodialysis patients

Background: Pain is the most common complaint in hemodialysis patients. Tramadol had become analgesic of choice in these patients, and its prescription is increasing day by day. With this background, we evaluated the prescribing trends of tramadol in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods: A total of 70 prescriptions were audited to assess the prescribing trends of tramadol (usually prescribed as a combination of 37.5 mg tramadol and 325 mg of paracetamol two times a day). Included prescriptions were from both male and female patients above 18 years of age undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Demographic, clinical and medication use were recorded from the patients.Results: The mean age of patients was 48±11.7 years, duration of dialysis 2.2±1.4 years. Tramadol consumptions were observed in 40/70 (56%) of patients. Majority of tramadol consumption was found in 30/40 (75%) males, 23/40 (59%) between 40-59 years and 28/40 (70%) undergoing two dialyses per week and 13/40 (32.5) were diabetics. During our exploratory analysis, we found that 15/40 (38%) of tramadol users, were concurrently prescribed with clonidine as add on antihypertensive. We noticed that the tramadol pill count during the preceding week was 81 in patients concurrently using clonidine and 139 in the patients who were not using clonidine (p>0.05).Conclusions: In our study, tramadol consumptions were observed in 56% of patients. We also noticed analgesic interaction between clonidine and tramadol