Association between perception of dry eye and use of electronic devices in medical students

Introduction: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease which is related to the use of electronic devices. These devices are widely used by college students which could increase the risk of dry eye symptoms. Objective: To determine the association between the perception of dry eye symptoms and the use of electronic devices in medical students from Latin America. Methods: Cross-sectional study of secondary data in medical students from the last two years of 36 medical schools in Latin America. The presence of dry eye symptoms in the last month and how often they used different electronic devices was inquired. Data was collected on the frequency of use of the library. Results: Of 2 429 respondents, 34 % indicated that they had experienced dry eye symptoms in the last month, and of these, 68 % had symptoms between one and four times. In the multivariate analysis, recurrent smartphone use was associated with a higher frequency of dry eye symptoms (aPR:1,04, 95 % CI: 1,01-1,07). In addition, frequent use of the library was associated with a lower frequency of dry eye symptoms (aPR:0,54; 95 % CI: 0,38-0,75), adjusted for confounding variables. Conclusions: Frequent smartphone use was associated with a higher frequency of dry eye symptoms. Likewise, the use of libraries was associated with a lower frequency of dry eye symptoms

Association between perception of dry eye and use of electronic devices in medical students

"Introducción: El ojo seco es una enfermedad multifactorial la cual se le relaciona con el uso de dispositivos electrónicos. Estos dispositivos son utilizados con mucha frecuencia por estudiantes universitarios lo cual podría elevar el riesgo de tener síntomas de ojo seco. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la percepción de los síntomas de ojo seco y el uso de dispositivos electrónicos en estudiantes de medicina de América Latina. Métodos: Estudio transversal de datos secundarios en estudiantes de medicina de los últimos dos años de 36 facultades de medicina de América Latina. Se indagó sobre la presencia de síntomas de ojo seco en el último mes y con qué frecuencia utilizaban diferentes dispositivos electrónicos. Se recogieron datos sobre la frecuencia de uso de la biblioteca. Resultados: De 2 429 encuestados, el 34 % indicó que había tenido síntomas de ojo seco en el último mes y, de ellos, el 68 % tuvo síntomas entre una y cuatro veces. En el análisis multivariado, el uso recurrente del smartphone se asoció a una mayor frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco (aPR:1,04, IC95 %: 1,01-1,07). Además, el uso frecuente de la biblioteca se asoció con una menor frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco (aPR:0,54, IC95 %: 0,38-0,75), ajustado por variables de confusión. Conclusiones: El uso frecuente de teléfonos inteligentes se asoció con una mayor frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco. Asimismo, el uso de bibliotecas se asoció con una menor frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco.

Association between perception of dry eye and use of electronic devices in medical students

"Introducción: El ojo seco es una enfermedad multifactorial la cual se le relaciona con el uso de dispositivos electrónicos. Estos dispositivos son utilizados con mucha frecuencia por estudiantes universitarios lo cual podría elevar el riesgo de tener síntomas de ojo seco. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la percepción de los síntomas de ojo seco y el uso de dispositivos electrónicos en estudiantes de medicina de América Latina. Métodos: Estudio transversal de datos secundarios en estudiantes de medicina de los últimos dos años de 36 facultades de medicina de América Latina. Se indagó sobre la presencia de síntomas de ojo seco en el último mes y con qué frecuencia utilizaban diferentes dispositivos electrónicos. Se recogieron datos sobre la frecuencia de uso de la biblioteca. Resultados: De 2 429 encuestados, el 34 % indicó que había tenido síntomas de ojo seco en el último mes y, de ellos, el 68 % tuvo síntomas entre una y cuatro veces. En el análisis multivariado, el uso recurrente del smartphone se asoció a una mayor frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco (aPR:1,04, IC95 %: 1,01-1,07). Además, el uso frecuente de la biblioteca se asoció con una menor frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco (aPR:0,54, IC95 %: 0,38-0,75), ajustado por variables de confusión. Conclusiones: El uso frecuente de teléfonos inteligentes se asoció con una mayor frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco. Asimismo, el uso de bibliotecas se asoció con una menor frecuencia de síntomas de ojo seco.

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization