The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

La magia de tus pensamientos : poesías & cuentos

Recopilación de poesías y cuentos realizados por aprendices del SENA de los programas de Mantenimiento de Motores Diesel, Técnico en Sistemas, Automatización Industrial, Electricidad Industrial, Diseño e Integración de Automatismos Mecatrónicos, Mantenimiento de Equipo Biomédico, Animación 3D, Manejo Ambiental, Diseño e integración de Automatismos Mecatrónicos y Mantenimiento mecatrónico automotriz, entre 2015 y 2017.Poesías 2018 -- Dándome tu vida / Brayan Orlando Jaimes Chaparro -- Tierra infinita / Christian Ricardo Caballero Villamizar -- Lamento a la tierra / Jeferson Alexis Montoya Moreno -- Conciencia por favor / Daniel Rincón -- Salvar un hogar llamado tierra / William Gamboa Arguello -- Planeta tierra / Iván Arley jurado -- Salvemos nuestro planeta / Jonathan David Silva -- Tierra bella / Martin Santiago -- Mi planeta / Fabián Moreno -- Generando conciencia / José Alberto Lizarazo -- Añoranza / Javier Casanova -- Sin tierra… / Gustavo Andrés Rodríguez Mendoza -- Planeta vivo y limpio / Yesid Serrano -- Palabras del destino / Osneider David Hernández Otalvaro -- Planeta tierra / Luis Fernando Isidro -- Medio ambiente / Yorgin David Hernández -- Prevenir / Brayan Mauricio Sanmiguel Luengas -- Nada será cómo antes / Jaime Andres Rodriguez Parrado -- Yo…Sol / Jonathan Bautista -- Lamento / Héctor Mauricio Parra Cuesta -- Nuestro hogar / Juan José Amaya -- Te agradecemos / Edwin Andrés Navarro Rozo, Anderson Cardozo Villamizar -- HErmoso milagro / Jhonatan Jaimes Solano -- El creador / Ana Rosa Hernández Santana -- Cuentos 2015 -- Juventud en la zona azul / Jeniffer Solano Ardila -- Los Ucayali y los Cubeo / Oscar Ivan Rueda Quintero -- Vientos de armonía / Ever Edinson Monsalve Salcedo -- El nacimiento de una nueva era / Carlos Leonardo Ardila Alvarado -- Luz de sueños / Hugo Andrés Álvarez -- Sol de medio día / Claudia Ramírez Guarín -- Cuentos 2016 -- Mucha verraquera mano / Héctor Josué Amado Sandoval -- El viaje de irse y nunca volver / Dayana Marcela Fuentes Duran -- “Santander es hermosa” / Kelly Tatiana Pabón Blanco -- Los valores del SENA / Ana Rosa Hernandez Santana -- La fuerza del espiritu y el deseo de cambiar / Pablo Andrés Capera Rodríguez -- SENA, paz y reconciliación / Adrián Benítez R., Rubén Darío Martínez -- Cuentos 2017 -- Cartas a un pasado / Angelita Delgado Pérez -- ¿Por qué así? ¿por qué tan blanco? ¿por qué no de otra manera? / Cristian Felipe Vargas Buenahora -- El gato pacho pacho, el gato más pacho de todos los pachos / Edwin Matajira García -- Freeland “el paraíso perdido” / Dámaso Antonio Morales Palacin -- Un mundo al revés / Fabio Eduardo Contreras Piñeresna91 página

Enhanced anaerobic treatment of synthetic protein-rich wastewater promoted by organic xerogels

Carbon-based materials have been shown to enhance anaerobic digestion processes by promoting direct interspecies electron transfer in methanogenic consortia. However, little is known on their effects during the treatment of complex substrates, such as those derived from protein-rich wastewaters. Here, organic xerogels (OX) are tested, for the first time, as accelerators of the methanogenic activity of an anaerobic consortium treating a synthetic protein-rich wastewater. Three OX with distinct pore size distribution (10 and 1000 nm for OX-10 and OX-1000, respectively) and structural conformation (graphene oxide integration into OX-10-GO polymeric matrix) were synthesized. OX-1000 promoted the highest methane production rate (5.21 mL/g*h, 13.5% increase with respect to the control incubated without OX) among the synthesized OX. Additionally, batch bioreactors amended with OX achieved higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (up to 88%) as compared to the control, which only showed 50% of COD removal. Interestingly, amendment of bioreactors with OX also triggered the production of medium-chain fatty acids, including caprylate and caproate. Moreover, OX decreased the accumulation of ammonium, derived from proteins hydrolysis, partly explained by their adsorption capacities, and probably involving their electron-accepting capacity promoting anaerobic ammonium oxidation. This is the first time that OX were successfully applied as methanogenic accelerators for the anaerobic treatment of synthetic protein-rich wastewater, increasing the methane production rate and COD removal as well as triggering the production of medium chain fatty acids and attenuating the accumulation of ammonium. Therefore, OX are proposed as suitable materials to boost the efficiency of anaerobic systems to treat complex industrial wastewaters.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM, PAPIIT grant TA100120 and UNAM, DGAPA Grant Number COIC/DDTPA/064/2020).Peer reviewe

Customised Microporous Carbon 3D Structures with Good Mechanical Properties and High Nitrogen Content Obtained from Whey Powders

Novel customised carbon monoliths with a high specific surface area were synthesised by carbonisation plus activation of dehydrated whey powders, a biomass byproduct of the dairy industry. The whey powders were casted directly by pouring them into a desired mould. After a pseudo-sintering process promoted by the self-reaction of the whey components (mostly lactose and whey proteins) at moderate temperatures (ca. 250 °C), 3D porous carbons were obtained. The process did not require any binder or external overpressure to prepare the 3D porous carbons. Upon thermal activation with CO2 or chemical activation with H3PO4 and KOH, the shape of the monolithic structure was preserved after the development of a microporous network (SBET up to 2400 m2/g). Both thermal and chemical activation had little effect on the macroporosity of the monoliths. Activation of these 3D carbons had to be performed with care to avoid heterogeneous skin/core activation and/or overactivation. Highly porous monoliths (SBET of 980 m2/g; open porosity of 70%) with outstanding compressive strength (10 MPa) could be obtained by thermal activation (CO2) of whey monoliths at 850 °C for 1.5 h. Additionally, the use of whey as a precursor provided the carbon monolith with a relatively high nitrogen content (ca. 3 wt.%).J. Angel Menéndez and Miguel Montes are members of the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy (PTI-SusPlast+).Peer reviewe

Adsorption of impurities from nickel-plating baths using commercial sorbents to reduce wastewater discharges

The presence of moderate concentrations of impurities in the nickel-plating baths generates failures on the coated pieces. This situation entails the necessity of replacing the electroplating bath, which implies the generation of large volumes of wastewater with metallic species and high quantity of sludge. For this reason, the adsorption of the principal impurities of nickel-plating baths of an industry was analyzed in this work. Particularly, the removal of Zn2+ was studied in more detail since the presence of this metal in the baths generates black spots on the coated pieces. Different commercial materials were used as adsorbents and Zn2+ adsorption studies were carried out using both standard solutions and industrial water from the nickel-plating baths. All the adsorption tests were performed in batch systems under constant agitation and the quantification of the impurities was made by ICP-MS analysis. The bone char (BC) was an efficient adsorbent for the removal of the principal impurities of nickel-plating baths. The use of molecular simulation tools helped to understand the preferences of the hydroxyapatite (the principal component of bone char) for different metallic ions present in the industrial waters. According to both the experimental adsorption and molecular simulation results, hydroxyl and phosphate groups of bone char are responsible of the adsorption of impurities of nickel-plating baths.This work was supported by TECNM (7949.20-P), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain (CTQ 2017-87820-R) and PCTI-Asturias/ FEDER, Spain, EU (IDI/2018/000118) projects. MC. Pérez-Jiménez acknowledges the grant (857757) received from CONACyT. L.A. Ramírez-Montoya thanks CONACyT for a post-doctoral grant (CVU No 330625, 2017).Peer reviewe

Monolito conformado de carbón poroso obtenido a partir de lactosuero, procedimiento de obtención y usos

La presente invención se refiere a un monolito conformado de carbono obtenido a partir de polvo de lactosuero, a su procedimiento de obtención y a sus usos como andamio para su uso en ingeniería de tejidos celulares, como filtro de gases o líquidos, como tamiz molecular, como soporte de catalizador o como catalizador. La presente invención se engloba en el campo de los materiales de carbono y de la valorización de residuos industriales.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Monolito conformado de carbón poroso obtenido a partir de lactosuero, procedimiento de obtención y usos

[EN] The present invention relates to a porous shaped carbon monolith obtained from lactoserum powder, to the method for obtaining it and to its uses as scaffolding in cell tissue engineering, as a gas or liquid filter, as a molecular sieve, as a catalyst medium or as a catalyst. The present invention falls within the field of the carbon materials and of industrial waste recovery[ES] La presente invención se refiere a un monolito conformado de carbono obtenido a partir de polvo de lactosuero, a su procedimiento de obtención y a sus usos como andamio para su uso en ingeniería de tejidos celulares, como filtro de gases o líquidos, como tamiz molecular, como soporte de catalizador o como catalizador. La presente invención se engloba en el campo de los materiales de carbono y de la valorización de residuos industriales[FR] La présente invention concerne un monolythe constitué de carbone obtenu à partir de poudre de lactosérum, son procédé d'obtention, et ses utilisations comme structure pour une utilisation en ingénieurie des tissus cellulaires, comme filtre de gaz ou de liquides, comme tamis moléculaire, comme support de catalyseur ou comme catalyseur. La présente invention concerne le domaine des matériaux de carbone et de la valorisation des résidus industrielsPeer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Whey as a sustainable binder for the production of extruded activated carbon

Whey, the main by-product of the dairy industry, is proposed as a sustainable binder for the production of extruded activated carbon. Coconut shell char was mixed with controlled quantities of either rehydrated whey powders or partially dehydrated liquid whey. After extrusion, extrudates were dried, and carbonised or activated under N2 or CO2 atmosphere, respectively. A comprehensive study of the effect of different parameters including binder proportion, coconut shell char particle size and carbonisation temperature was carried out. The composition of whey prompted Maillard reactions boosted with temperature that conferred a resin-like behaviour to the binder. Quality parameters of the resulting extrudates were their ball-mill hardness, real and bulk densities. All whey-bound pellets retained their original shape after the high temperature treatment. The hardness of those whey extrudates was particularly remarkable considering the biomass origin of this binder. The carbonisation temperature had little effect in the hardness or densities of the carbon pellets. The best pellet formulation comprised the use of coconut shell char powders with particle sizes < 212 µm, in mixtures having a 7/3 char/dry whey mass ratio. The properties of the pellets obtained after the activation of such pellets were comparable to those of commercial activated carbon extrudates. The use of partially dehydrated liquid whey rather than re-hydrated dry whey rendered very similar results. The alkalinity of the binder made the resulting activated carbons adequate for H2S removal at room temperature. An economic estimation of the process placed whey in a practical position within the binder market.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) (Project PID2020-115334GB-I00) and Principado de Asturias (FICYT) – European Union (FEDER) (Project PCTI-Asturias IDI/2021/000015).Peer reviewe

Removal of phosphate and aluminum from water in single and binary systems using iron-modified carbons

The simultaneous removal of phosphate and aluminum from water was studied on iron-modified activated carbons. Methods such as oxidation with HNO3, impregnation and co-precipitation of iron were used to modify a commercial coconut activated carbon and to obtain seven different modified carbons. The physicochemical properties of selected samples were studied by different analytic methods such as FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM/EDX analysis and X-ray diffraction. Adsorption studies of phosphate and aluminum from water in single and binary systems were performed in bath systems with constant agitation at 30 °C and different values of pH. Particularly, the sample obtained by Oxidation-Impregnation-Drying procedure (CCOFeTB) contains 3.80% of iron in amorphous phase according to the EDX and XRD analysis, respectively. Additionally, this sample showed the best adsorption performance achieving an adsorbed amount of phosphates of 23.33 mg/g at pH 2 in single system. In binary systems, it was observed a synergistic effect in the adsorption of both species (phosphate and aluminum) and the principal adsorption mechanism is related to electrostatic interactions according with the results of molecular simulation.This work was supported by TECNM (7949.20-P), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain (CTQ2017-87820-R) and PCTI-Asturias/FEDER, Spain, EU (IDI/2018/000118) projects. MC. Delgadillo-Velasco acknowledges the grant (467325) received from CONACyT. L.A. Ramírez-Montoya thanks CONACyT for a post-doctoral grant (CVU No 330625, 2017).Peer reviewe

Procedure for obtaining metallic aerogels, aerogels thus obtained and their uses

[ES] Procedimiento para la obtención de aeroqeles metálicos, aeroqeles así obtenidos y usos de los mismos. La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la preparación de un aerogel metálico basado en: a) la reducción de las sales metálicas para la formación de nanopartículas, b) seguida por el ensamblaje de las nanopartículas en redes tridimensionales para la obtención del hidrogel (gelación) y c) finalmente el secado del hidrogel para obtener el aerogel final, utilizándose un calentamiento por microondas durante las etapas de reducción y gelación. La invención también se refiere al aerogel obtenido por este procedimiento, así como al uso del mismo como electrocatalizador.[EN] Procedure for obtaining metallic aeroqeles, aeroqeles thus obtained and their uses. The present invention refers to a procedure for the preparation of a metallic aerogel based on: a) the reduction of metallic salts for the formation of nanoparticles, b) followed by the assembly of the nanoparticles in three-dimensional networks to obtain the hydrogel (gelation) and c) finally drying the hydrogel to obtain the final aerogel, using microwave heating during the reduction and gelation stages. The invention also refers to the aerogel obtained by this process, as well as its use as an electrocatalyst.NoConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de QuerétaroA1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic