97 research outputs found

    Improving market-based forecasts of short-term interest rates: time-varying stationarity and the predictive content of switching regime-expectations

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    Modeling short-term interest rates as following regime-switching processes has become increasingly popular. Theoretically, regime-switching models are able to capture rational expectations of infrequently occurring discrete events. Technically, they allow for potential time-varying stationarity. After discussing both aspects with reference to the recent literature, this paper provides estimations of various univariate regime-switching specifications for the German three-month money market rate and bivariate specifications additionally including the term spread. However, the main contribution is a multi-step out-of-sample forecasting competition. It turns out that forecasts are improved substantially when allowing for state-dependence. Particularly, the informational content of the term spread for future short rate changes can be exploited optimally within a multivariate regime-switching framework

    Predicting recessions with interest rate spreads: a multicountry regime-switching analysis

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    This study uses Markov-switching models to evaluate the informational content of the term structure as a predictor of recessions in eight OECD countries. The empirical results suggest that for all countries the term spread is sensibly modelled as a two-state regime-switching process. Moreover, our simple univariate model turns out to be a filter that transforms accurately term spread changes into turning point predictions. The term structure is confirmed to be a reliable recession indicator. However, the results of probit estimations show that the markov-switching filter does not significantly improve the forecasting ability of the spread

    Heterogeneous expectations in the foreign exchange market : evidence from the daily Dollar/DM exchange rate

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    In this study a regime switching approach is applied to estimate the chartist and fundamentalist (c&f) exchange rate model originally proposed by Frankel and Froot (1986). The c&f model is tested against alternative regime switching specifications applying likelihood ratio tests. Nested atheoretical models like the popular segmented trends model suggested by Engel and Hamilton (1990) are rejected in favour of the multi agent model. Moreover, the c&f regime switching model seems to describe the data much better than a competing regime switching GARCH(1,1) model. Finally, our findings turned out to be relatively robust when estimating the model in subsamples. The empirical results suggest that the model is able to explain daily DM/Dollar forward exchange rate dynamics from 1982 to 1998

    Chartist Prediction in the Foreign Exchange Market. Evidence from the Daily Dollar/DM Exchange Rate

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    In this study a regime switching approach is applied to estimate the chartist and fundamentalist (c&f) exchange rate model originally proposed by Frankel and Froot (1986). The empirical results suggest that this model does successfully explain daily DM/Dollar forward exchange rate dynamics from 1982 to 1998. Moreover, our findings turned out to be relative robust by estimating the model in subsamples. A particular focus of this study is on testing the c&f model against alternative regime switching specifications applying likelihood ratio tests. The results are striking. Nested atheoretical models like the popular segmented trends model suggested by Engel and Hamilton (1990) are rejected in favour of the c&f model. Finally, the c&f regime switching model seems to describe the data much better than a competing regime switching GARCH(1,1) model.

    Heterogeneous Expectations in the Foreign Exchange Market Evidence from the Daily Dollar/DM Exchange Rate

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    In this study a regime switching approach is applied to estimate the chartist and fundamentalist (c&f) exchange rate model originally proposed by Frankel and Froot (1986). The c&f model is tested against alternative regime switching specifications applying likelihood ratio tests. Nested atheoretical models like the popular segmented trends model suggested by Engel and Hamilton (1990) are rejected in favour of the multi agent model. Moreover, the c&f regime switching model seems to describe the data much better than a competing regime switching GARCH(1,1) model. Finally, our findings turned out to be relatively robust when estimating the model in subsamples. The empirical results suggest that the model is able to explain daily DM/Dollar forward exchange rate dynamics from 1982 to 1998.exchange rates, multi agent models, regime-switching

    Ferkelverluste verringern: Auswirkungen einer verlÀngerten SÀugezeit auf die Konstitution der Aufzuchtferkel

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    Auf Grund der Vorgaben der EU-Öko-Verordnung werden Ferkel in der ökologischen Ferkelerzeugung in der Regel mit 6 Wochen abgesetzt. Dies geht in vielen FĂ€llen mit einem verminderten Gesundheits- und Leistungsstatus einher, da sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt Ferkel in einer Ă€ußerst sensiblen physiologischen Phase befinden. Im vorliegenden Versuch sollte ĂŒberprĂŒft werden, ob die durch einen spĂ€teren Absetzzeitpunkt Ă€lteren Ferkel den Belastungen rund um das Absetzen besser gewachsen sind, und sich durch bessere produktionstechnisch-biologische Leistungen (Modul 1) sowie einen besseren Immunstatus (Modul 2) auszeichnen. Dazu wurden auf dem Versuchsbetrieb Wulmenau des Instituts fĂŒr ökologischen Landbau 36 Sauen auf 2 Verfahren (Kontrolle: 42 Tage SĂ€ugezeit; Versuch: 63 Tage SĂ€ugezeit) mit je 18 Tieren aufgeteilt. Der dritte und letzte Durchgang endete im Sommer 2007. Im Modul 1 wurden insgesamt 3 Wurfnummern mit 108 WĂŒrfen von 36 Sauen mit zusammen mehr als 1400 Ferkeln ausgewertet. Es zeigte sich, dass die lĂ€nger gesĂ€ugten Ferkel signifikant bessere produktionstechnische Leistungsdaten und signifikant verringerte Behandlungsinzidenzen aufwiesen, die Abgangsraten sich aber nicht statistisch gesichert unterschieden. Auf die Kondition der Sauen und den Zustand der GesĂ€ugeleiste hatte die verlĂ€ngerte SĂ€ugezeit keinerlei negative Auswirkungen. Das Modul 2 umfasste die Wurfnum-mern 2 und 3 mit 72 WĂŒrfen von 36 Sauen mit einer Stichprobe von 576 Ferkeln (8 Ferkel/Wurf). Es wurden die Ferkel zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten mit einem ihnen „bekannten“ Antigen (durch Muttertier-Vakzinierung und passiven Transfer ĂŒber die Sauenmilch) und mit einem ihnen „unbekannten“ Antigen vakziniert. Im Plasma wurden mittels ELISA die Konzentration von Immunglobulin G (IgG) sowie die antigenspezifischen IgG-Antikörper gemessen. Die Untersuchungen des Moduls 2 ergaben keinen besseren Immunstatus fĂŒr die spĂ€ter abgesetzten Ferkel. Trotzdem erscheint eine VerlĂ€ngerung der SĂ€ugezeit ĂŒber die Mindestvorgabe von 40 Tagen hinaus empfehlenswert
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