Effect of Chitosan Coating Containing Active Agents on Microbial Growth, Rancidity and Moisture Loss of Meatball During Storage

Edible coatings based on chitosan were applied on meatball product in order to preserve quality during storages atambient and refrigeration temperatures. To improve its efficacy, chitosan coatings were incorporated with garlic oil0.2%, potassium sorbate 0.1 % and nisin 51,000 IU. The qualities of meatball assessed were total microbial growth, TBA value and percentage of moisture loss. All chitosan coatings suppressed microbial growth in meatball and strong- ly revealed when stored at refrigeration temperature. Incorporating garlic oil 0.2% into chitosan coating resulted in a greater reduction of rancidity level in meatball for both storages. Moisture loss of meatball was significantly reduced by all chitosan coatings and obviously shown when stored at refrigeration temperature

Microbial and Processing Criteria for Production of Probiotics: A Review

Upotreba probiotika je svugdje prihvaćena kao prirodni način promicanja zdravlja ljudi i životinja. Danas se oni upotrebljavaju kao dodaci korisni za zdravlje hrani i krmivu, a zamjenjuju antibiotičke promotore rasta ili kemijske dodatke. U pravim se uvjetima može proizvesti dovoljna količina probiotičkih proizvoda. Razvoj odgovarajuće tehnologije za proizvodnju probiotika, s obzirom na njihovu vitalnost i stabilnost, glavno je područje istraživanja u industriji. Proizvodnja probiotika mora se zasnivati na dobrom odabiru mikroorganizama, pri čemu je važna sposobnost podnošenja stresa prilikom prerade i skladištenja proizvoda. Termofilni/termotolerantni probiotici su osobito važni za to područje, jer mogu imati sva poželjna svojstva. Ovaj rad donosi pregled istraživanja odabira probiotika, novih tehnologija izolacije/identifikacije, adhezije i imunološkog odgovora, ističući važnost primjene mješovitih kultura. Stoga je u daljnjem istraživanju potrebno dokazati djelotvornost probiotika kao vrijednih proizvoda prikladnih za hranu i krmiva.The use of probiotics has become widely accepted as a natural means to promote health for both humans and animals. Today, probiotics are used as health supplements in food and feeds and they are replacing the use of antibiotic growth promotors or chemical supplements. Under the right conditions the claims made for probiotic preparations can be realized. The development of suitable technology for probiotic production, taking into account and stability, is a key area of research for industrial production. Production of probiotics should be based on the microbial criteria, and the ability to withstand stress during processing and storage of products is important. Thermophilic/thermotolerant probiotics are of great interest in this area as they can have all the desired characteristics. This review makes an overview of probiotic selection studies including new technologies for isolation/identification, adhesion and immune response. The importance of multistrain cultures is also stressed. The development of suitable probiotics in food and feed needs good proof of their efficacy and function in order to be accepted as a valuable product

Effect of different pretreatments on delignification pattern and enzymatic hydrolysability of miscanthus, oil palm biomass and typha grass

International audienceCumulative pretreatments methods were evaluated for delignification ability and enzymatic digestibility using miscanthus (MxG), empty palm fruit bunch (EFB) and typha grass as feedstocks. Despite their close chemical composition, the three feedstocks unveiled quite different behavior under the same condition of pretreatment. Characterization of ethanol organosol lignins extracted from the three feedstocks by C-13 NMR and FTIR revealed information concerning S/G/H ratios which was important to rationalize the differences among the feedstock behavior. The S/G/H ratios for MxG, EFB and typha, were established to levels of similar to 52/44/4, similar to 68/30/2 and similar to 46/27/27 respectively. The xylans hydrolytic susceptibility were a major cause of difference in behavior of feedstock during the pretreatment process. The influence of the presence of naphthol during autohydrolysis on the delignification ability was studied. A good relationship was observed between S + H/G ratio and the scavenging effect of naphthol

EFFECT OF BLENDING SELECTED TROPICAL STARCHES WITH RICE FLOUR ON THE COOKING QUALITY AND TEXTURE OF RICE BASED NOODLES

ABSTRACT The effect of blending canna starch (CaS), mung bean(MS) and sweet potato starch (SPS) in different concentration

Impact of the lignin structure of three lignocellulosic feedstocks on their organosolv delignification. Effect of carbonium ion scavengers

International audienceEffect of autohydrolysis and aromatic scavengers on delignification patterns were evaluated using miscanthus (MxG), empty palm fruit bunch (EFB) and typha grass residue as feedstocks. Autohydrolysis was carried out without naphthol and in the presence of naphthol followed by delignification by ethanol organosolv process. Despite their close chemical composition, the three feedstocks demonstrated quite different patterns of delignification under the same condition of pretreatment. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic characterization of ethanol organosolv lignins (EOLs) extracted from the three feedstocks revealed information concerning syringyl, guaiacyl and hydroxyphenyl content (S/G/H ratios) which underpinned the differences among the feedstock behavior. The (S + H)/G ratios for MxG, EFB and typha were determined as 1.27, 2.33 and 2.70 respectively. The major cause of difference in behavior of feedstock during the pretreatment process was attributed to the variation in lignin composition. A good relationship was observed between S/G ratio and the scavenging effect of 2-naphthol. The effect of four additional aromatic scavengers viz. p-cresol, o-cresol, hydroquinone and dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ) tested in miscanthus demonstrated a significant enhancement on delignification; the effect of p-cresol and DHAQ was tantamount to that of naphthol. Cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) extracted from typha grass was also subjected to C-13 NMR characterization in order to obtain a more complete picture of typha lignin. Comparison of NMR spectra of CEL and EOL from TC was performed for determining the processing effect in lignin structure

Comparison of some new pretreatment methods for second generation bioethanol production from wheat straw and water hyacinth

International audiencePretreatment of lignocellulosic residues like water hyacinth (WH) and wheat straw (WS) using crude glycerol (CG) and ionic liquids (IL) pretreatment was evaluated and compared with conventional dilute acid pretreatment (DAT) in terms of enzymatic hydrolysis yield and fermentation yield of pretreated samples. In the case of WS, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate pretreatment was found to be the best method. The hydrolysis yields of glucose and total reducing sugars were 2.1 and 3.3 times respectively higher by IL pretreatment than DAT, while it was 1.4 and 1.9 times respectively higher with CG pretreatment. For WH sample, CG pretreatment was as effective as DAT and more effective than IL pretreatment regarding hydrolysis yield. The fermentation inhibition was not noticeable with both types of pretreatment methods and feedstocks. Besides, CG pretreatment was found as effective as pure glycerol pretreatment for both feedstocks. This opens up an attractive economic route for the utilization of CG

Rapid Optimization of Typha Grass Organosolv Pretreatments Using Parallel Microwave Reactors for Ethanol Production

International audienceA comparative study of organosolv process was performed at laboratory scale using traditional stainless steel batch reactor with parallel microwave (MW) reactors. Ethanol (with sulfuric or soda catalyst), formic acid, and performic acid organosolv processes were first optimized for the pretreatment of Typha capensis using MW reactors. The best conditions based on mass balance and Klason lignin content were reassessed using a traditional pressure steel reactor. The enzymatic hydrolysability of soda process revealed better results (reducing sugar yields = 77-87%) as compared to the sulfuric acid process (reducing sugar yields = 57-66%). Substantially higher delignification and better enzyme hydrolysability were observed for the formic acid process with hydrogen peroxide catalyst. This process produced a pulp with very low residual lignin (85%). It can be concluded from this study that parallel microwave technology could be used for rapid optimization of biomass pretreatment to narrow down the range of process parameters studied before a final optimization using a classical pressure reactor