Inferring User Language To Recommend And Present Media Content In That Language

Systems and techniques are proposed to infer the language a user has affinity with and to recommend and present media content in that language. The language may be inferred based on the user’s language use in services such as, for example, a search engine, a TV streaming device, a smart TV, and other similar services. The language also may be inferred based on the language of the region a user accesses content from. The inferred language is used to recommend and present media content in the inferred language. For example, the inferred language is used to recommend and present media content in that language on a TV streaming device or a smart TV. The inferred language also may be used to dub media content into that language at runtime on the TV streaming device or the smart TV. Additionally, the inferred language may be used to generate subtitles in that language or to translate existing subtitles into that language for media content on the TV streaming device or the smart TV

Association of homocysteine and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) gene polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the population of North India

The implications of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the level of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) have been extensively studied in various ethnic groups. Our aim was to discover the association of MTHFR (C677T) polymorphism and homocysteine level with CAD in north Indian subjects. The study group consisted of 329 angiographically proven CAD patients, and 331 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls. MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism was detected based on the polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion with HinfI. Total homocysteine plasma concentration was measured using immunoassay. T allele frequency was found to be significantly higher in patients than in the control group. We found significantly elevated levels of mean homocysteine in the patient group when compared to the control group (p = 0.00). Traditional risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking habits, a positive family history and lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol), were found significantly associated through univariate analysis. Furthermore, multivariable logistics regression analysis revealed that CAD is significantly and variably associated with diabetes, hypertension, smoking, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Our findings showed that MTHFR C677T polymorphism and homocysteine levels were associated with coronary artery disease in the selected population

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis detection and characterization of mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis by genotype MTBDRplus

Detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testing methods requires several weeks. Therefore, molecular diagnostic tests for rapid detection of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are urgently needed. Early diagnosis helps in initiating optimal treatment which would not only enable cure of an individual patient but also will curb the transmission of drug resistance in the community. Line probe assay (LPA) has shown great promises in the diagnosis of MDR-TB. All MDR suspect patients from ten-linked districts were asked to deposit sputum samples at peripheral designated microscopy centers. The district TB officers facilitated the transport of samples collected during February 2014–December 2014 to our laboratory. The detection of rpoB gene mutations for rifampicin (RIF) and katG and inhA genes for isoniazid (INH), respectively, was performed on 663 samples by LPA. A total of 663 sputum samples from MDR suspects were received of which 321 (50.8%) were found to be MDR. Missing of WT8 along with mutation in codon S531 L was the most common pattern for RIF-resistant isolates (80.8%) and missing WT along with mutation in codon S315T1 of k atG gene was the most common pattern for INH-resistant isolates (91.3%).The MDR-TB in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, was found to be 50.8%. The common mutations obtained for RIF and INH in the region was mostly similar to those reported earlier

Rapid Screening of MDR-TB in Cases of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Geno Type MTBDRplus.

Drug resistance in tuberculosis is a major public health challenge in developing countries. The limited data available on drug resistance in extra pulmonary tuberculosis stimulated us to design our study on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary referral hospital of North India. We performed Geno Type MTBDRplus assay in comparison with conventional drug susceptibility testing by proportion method to study the mutation patterns in rpoB, katG and inhA genes.A total of 510 extra pulmonary samples were included in this study. After the smear microscopy, all the specimens were subjected for culture on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed on LJ media for all the MTB isolates and compared with the results of Geno Type MTBDRplus assay which was performed with the DNA isolated from the culture by conventional method.Of 510 specimens cultured, the total culture positivity obtained was 11.8% (60) encompassing 54 (10.6%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 6 (1.2%) non-tubercular mycobacteria (NTM). DST results by Geno Type MTBDRplus assay and solid culture methods were compared in 51 MTB isolates excluding the two Rif indeterminate and one invalid test. Geno Type MTBDRplus accurately identified 13 of 14 rifampicin-resistant strains, 14 of 15 isoniazid-resistant strains and 13 of 14 as multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in comparison with conventional method. Sensitivity and specificity were 92.86% and 97.30% respectively for detection of RIF resistance, 93.33% and 94.44% respectively for detection of INH resistance, 92.86% and 97.30% respectively for detection of MDR-TB, while the overall concordance of Geno Type MTBDRplus assay with conventional DST was 94.11%. The turn-around time for performing Geno Type MTBDRplus assay test was 48 hours.The problem of MDR in extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cannot be overlooked and due attention on patients should be given. Routine use of Geno Type MTBDRplus assay for the diagnosis of MDR-EPTB can substantially reduce the time between diagnosis and drug therapy. Culture along with Geno Type MTBDRplus assay could be a solution for rapid and accurate diagnosis of MDR-TB in low bacillary non sputum specimens

Study on Developments in Protection Coating Techniques for Steel

Steel, also known as iron alloy, is found 35% of the whole mass of the Earth. It is found in many applications due to its unique properties. Alloying elements provide the backbone support for iron, improving its mechanical, physical, chemical, and structural properties. Failure of steel is due to chemical reaction i.e., corrosion, and it is unavoidable, but it can be prolonged. Applications such as marine have a salt corrosive environment. High-temperature applications such as power plants, gas turbines components, and combustion engine components accelerate air oxidization at higher temperatures. Protection coating alters the chemical composition of alloy surfaces by using techniques like conversion coating, mechanical alloying, ion beam implantation, laser cladding, and thermochemical treatments. Protection coatings adhere to the steel surface and prevent steel from direct contact with the environment, which is formed by chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, electroplating, chemical bath, sol-gel, thermal spraying, and hot-dip coating. These coatings are used to reduce the chemical reaction in accelerated corrosion environments so that the life span of the steel is further enhanced, thereby decreasing the replacement cost. These coating methods and coating materials play a vital role in corrosion and other corrosion-associated failure protection. The coating materials like chromium and cadmium produce carcinogenic gases. Coating methods such as thermal spraying, hot-dip coating, and thermochemical treatment produce by-products that affect the environment by releasing pollutants. It is essential to choose coating materials and methods that do not influence the environment and ecosystem. In this work, processing techniques available to prepare the protective coating for steel are discussed. The methods used to enhance the properties of steel and the various real-time characterizations are also discussed. In addition, challenges and opportunities in the proposed scope are also included

Additional file 1: of Differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from non-tubercular mycobacteria by nested multiplex PCR targeting IS6110, MTP40 and 32kD alpha antigen encoding gene fragments

Comparison of conventional procedures with single-step & nested multiplex PCR for detection of M. tuberculosis complex in different groups of patients. (DOCX 15 kb

Concordance between Geno Type MTBDR<i>plus</i> assay and phenotypic DST.

<p>Concordance between Geno Type MTBDR<i>plus</i> assay and phenotypic DST.</p