Metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: how much is attributable to drug treatment?

Background: This study was planned to investigate new onset metabolic syndrome (MS) and its various components associated with two widely used second generation antipsychotics i.e. olanzapine and quetiapine in the management of schizophrenia using International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria.Methods: A total of 60 drug naïve patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of first episode schizophrenia, divided in two groups of 30 patients each, were randomly allocated to receive two different treatments i.e. olanzapine and quetiapine. Metabolic parameters were measured at day 0, then at 6 and 12 weeks. For categorical variables, ‘Chi-square test’ was used for comparison between the two groups.For continuous variables student’s t-test was used.Results: At 6 weeks none of the patient, treated with olanzapine, developed Metabolic Syndrome (MS), but among quetiapine group 3.33% (1 out of 30) developed MS. At the end of 12 weeks, 20% patients (i.e. 6 out of 30) had MS in olanzapine treatment group and 10% (3 out of 30) in quetiapine treatment group.Conclusion: Both olanzapine and quetiapine were found to cause comparable metabolic derangement and metabolic syndrome.

Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation: a need or a commercial hype?

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important component of the brain and is essential critical for optimal brain health and function. With revealing of its beneficial effects on cognitive function, neurological, cardiovascular system and anti-inflammatory benefits, DHA has recently gained huge attention. As a result, the market is stocked with products supplemented with DHA claiming various health benefits. This review attempts to elucidate the current findings of DHA supplementation as a pharmacological agent with both preventive and therapeutic value

Multi-Objective Optimization of Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloy Using Grey Relation Analysis with Entropy Measurement Method

The present research focus on optimization of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process parameters for joining of AA6061 aluminium alloy using hybrid approach. The FSW process parameters considered are tool rotational speed, welding speed and axial force. The quality characteristics considered are tensile strength (TS) and percentage of tensile elongation (TE). Taguchi based experimental design L9 orthogonal array is used for determining the experimental results. The value of weights corresponding to each quality characteristic is determined by using the entropy measurement method so that their importance can be properly explained. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the contribution of FSW process parameters. The confirmation tests also have been done for verifying the results

Rayleigh waves in generalized thermoelastic medium with mass diffusion

This paper is concerned with the study of propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous isotropic generalized thermoelastic solid half space with mass diffusion in the context of the Lord–Shulman (Lord and Shulman. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 15, 299 (1967)) and Green–Lindsay (Green and Lindsay. J. Elasticity. 2, 1 (1972)) theories of thermoelasticity. The medium is subjected to stress-free, isothermal, isoconcentrated boundary. After developing a mathematical model, the dispersion curve in the form of a polynomial equation is obtained. The roots of this polynomial equation are verified for not satisfying the original dispersion equation and therefore are filtered out and the remaining roots are checked with the property of decay with depth. Phase velocity and attenuation coefficient of the Rayleigh wave are computed numerically. The numerically simulated results are depicted graphically. The behavior of the particle motion is studied for the propagation of Rayleigh waves under Lord–Shulman model. Some special cases are also deduced from the present investigation. </jats:p

FORMULATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF POLYHERBAL CAPSULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATION

Mangifera indica and Phyllanthus emblica were extracted using 90% ethanol and 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratio of the extract mixture was loaded in to liposomes. These liposomes were formulated as capsule dosage form for use in management of inflammation. The extraction yield for MI and PE were found to be 41.9 and 27.1 % respectively. The total phenolic content in MI and PE extracts were found to be 17.3±0.916 and 34.23±1.908 GAE mg/100g whereas it was found to be 49.2±2.749, 71.76±6.269 and 60.63±4.162 GAE mg/100 g for 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratio mixture of MI and PE respectively. The particle size of the liposomes decreased on increasing the sonication time. The particle size of the liposome formulated using 5 min sonication time was considered optimum and was found to be 3.21 μm for blank liposome. The phenolic content in the liposomes was in harmony with the extract mixture incorporated into the liposome. EL2 exhibited the highest phenolics content. The liposomes were evaluated for stability for a period of 3 months at storage temperature of 4ºC and 40ºC. The liposomes were stable at both the temperature conditions and the particle size of the liposomes did not change significantly over a period of three months. The extract loaded liposomes at 5 min sonication time were blended with magnesium and calcium carbonates to prepare a prefill mixture for the capsules. The prefill blends were evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio and Carr’s Index. All the blends possessed the capability to flow freely and may present no hindrance in capsule filling process. The weight variation of polyherbal liposome filled capsules was between 4.1-4.6 % whereas the disintegration time was found to be between 3.38 to 3.65 min.</jats:p