36 research outputs found
Energy-Dependent Timing of Thermal Emission in Solar Flares
We report solar flare plasma to be multi-thermal in nature based on the
theoretical model and study of the energy-dependent timing of thermal emission
in ten M-class flares. We employ high-resolution X-ray spectra observed by the
Si detector of the "Solar X-ray Spectrometer" (SOXS). The SOXS onboard the
Indian GSAT-2 spacecraft was launched by the GSLV-D2 rocket on 8 May 2003.
Firstly we model the spectral evolution of the X-ray line and continuum
emission flux F(\epsilon) from the flare by integrating a series of isothermal
plasma flux. We find that multi-temperature integrated flux F(\epsilon) is a
power-law function of \epsilon with a spectral index (\gamma) \approx -4.65.
Next, based on spectral-temporal evolution of the flares we find that the
emission in the energy range E= 4 - 15 keV is dominated by temperatures of T=
12 - 50 MK, while the multi-thermal power-law DEM index (\gamma) varies in the
range of -4.4 and -5.7. The temporal evolution of the X-ray flux F(\epsilon,t)
assuming a multi-temperature plasma governed by thermal conduction cooling
reveals that the temperature-dependent cooling time varies between 296 and 4640
s and the electron density (n_e) varies in the range of n_e= (1.77-29.3)*10^10
cm-3. Employing temporal evolution technique in the current study as an
alternative method for separating thermal from non-thermal components in the
energy spectra, we measure the break-energy point ranging between 14 and
21\pm1.0 keV.Comment: Solar Physics, in pres
Science from "Solar X-ray spectrometer (SOXS)" - proposed payload onboard Indian satellite
It is proposed to fly a high spectral and temporal resolution "Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS)" onboard Indian satellite to understand the mechanisms of energy release and particle acceleration in solar flares. The SOXS will provide the disk integrated flux in the energy range 2 keV-10 MeV. The proposed SOXS will consist of two detector modules - SOXS Low Energy Detector (SLD) and SOXS High Energy Detector (SHD). The proposed instrument will enable us to measure precisely the low energy cut-off below 60 keV to estimate the total energy release in the flare. It is proposed that high spectral and temporal resolution efficiencies of our detectors will reveal, perhaps for the first time, the observed break below 60 keV in the characteristic double power-law shape of hard X-ray spectrum. Whether electrons and protons are accelerated simultaneously may be also answered by correlating high temporal spectra of SLD and SHD. The high temporal and sub-keV resolution spectra from SLD will be capable to investigate the nature of micro/nano flares considered responsible to heat the chromosphere and corona. It is proposed to use the observations from this space borne instrument, along with extensive simultaneous ground based high spatial and time resolution observations in optical and radio wavebands for better understanding of the flare phenomena
Spectropolarimetery of umbral fine structures from Hinode: Evidence for magnetoconvection
We present spectropolarimetric analysis of umbral dots and a light bridge
fragment that show dark lanes in G-band images. Umbral dots show upflow as well
as associated positive Stokes V area asymmetry in their central parts. Larger
umbral dots show down flow patches in their surrounding parts that are
associated with negative Stokes V area asymmetry. Umbral dots show weaker
magnetic field in central part and higher magnetic field in peripheral area.
Umbral fine structures are much better visible in total circularly polarized
light than in continuum intensity. Umbral dots show a temperature deficit above
dark lanes. The magnetic field inclination show a cusp structure above umbral
dots and a light bridge fragment. We compare our observational findings with 3D
magnetohydrodynamic simulations.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 6 pages, 6 figure
Probing the Role of Magnetic-Field Variations in NOAA AR 8038 in Producing Solar Flare and CME on 12 May 1997
We carried out a multi-wavelength study of a CME and a medium-size 1B/C1.3
flare occurring on 12 May 1997. We present the investigation of magnetic-field
variations in the NOAA Active Region 8038 which was observed on the Sun during
7--16 May 1997. Analyses of H{\alpha} filtergrams and MDI/SOHO magnetograms
revealed continual but discrete surge activity, and emergence and cancellation
of flux in this active region. The movie of these magnetograms revealed two
important results that the major opposite polarities of pre-existing region as
well as in the emerging flux region (EFR) were approaching towards each other
and moving magnetic features (MMF) were ejecting out from the major north
polarity at a quasi-periodicity of about ten hrs during 10--13 May 1997. These
activities were probably caused by the magnetic reconnection in the lower
atmosphere driven by photospheric convergence motions, which were evident in
magnetograms. The magnetic field variations such as flux, gradient, and sunspot
rotation revealed that free energy was slowly being stored in the corona. The
slow low-layer magnetic reconnection may be responsible for this storage and
the formation of a sigmoidal core field or a flux rope leading to the eventual
eruption. The occurrence of EUV brightenings in the sigmoidal core field prior
to the rise of a flux rope suggests that the eruption was triggered by the
inner tether-cutting reconnection, but not the external breakout reconnection.
An impulsive acceleration revealed from fast separation of the H{\alpha}
ribbons of the first 150 seconds suggests the CME accelerated in the inner
corona, which is consistent with the temporal profile of the reconnection
electric field. In conclusion, we propose a qualitative model in view of
framework of a solar eruption involving, mass ejections, filament eruption,
CME, and subsequent flare.Comment: 8 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physic
Multi-wavelength observations of an unusual impulsive flare associated with CME
We present the results of a detailed analysis of multi-wavelength
observations of a very impulsive solar flare 1B/M6.7, which occurred on 10
March, 2001 in NOAA AR 9368 (N27 W42). The observations show that the flare is
very impulsive with very hard spectrum in HXR that reveal non-thermal emission
was most dominant. On the other hand this flare also produced type II radio
burst and coronal mass ejections (CME), which are not general characteristics
for impulsive flares. In H we observed the bright mass ejecta (BME)
followed by drak mass ejecta (DME). Based on the consistence of the onset times
and direction of BME and CME, we conclude that these two phenomena are closely
associated. It is inferred that the energy build-up took place due to
photospheric reconnection between emerging positive parasitic polarity and
predominant negative polarity, which resulted as a consequence of flux
cancellation. The shear increased to due to further emergence of
positive parasitic polarity causing strongly enhanced cancellation of flux. It
appears that such enhanced magnetic flux cancellation in a strongly sheared
region triggered the impulsive flare.Comment: 14 pages, 8 Figures, Accepted for the publication in Solar Physic