Human C1q Regulates Influenza A Virus Infection and inflammatory response via its globular domain

Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ijms23063045/s1. Supporting information consisting of a blot testing cross reactivity of anti-C1q against IAV lysate, C1q and recombinant globular head cytotoxicity panel and the cytokine panel.Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. The Influenza A virus (IAV) is a severe respiratory pathogen. C1q is the first subcomponent of the complement system’s classical pathway. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of these chains contains a collagen-like region located at the N terminus, and a C-terminal globular head region organized as a heterotrimeric structure (ghA, ghB and ghC). This study was aimed at investigating the complement activation-independent modulation by C1q and its individual recombinant globular heads against IAV infection. The interaction of C1q and its recombinant globular heads with IAV and its purified glycoproteins was examined using direct ELISA and far-Western blotting analysis. The effect of the complement proteins on IAV replication kinetics and immune modulation was assessed by qPCR. The IAV entry inhibitory properties of C1q and its recombinant globular heads were confirmed using cell binding and luciferase reporter assays. C1q bound IAV virions via HA, NA and M1 IAV proteins, and suppressed replication in H1N1, while promoting replication in H3N2-infected A549 cells. C1q treatment further triggered an anti-inflammatory response in H1N1 and pro-inflammatory response in H3N2-infected cells as evident from differential expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-12 and RANTES. Furthermore, C1q treatment was found to reduce luciferase reporter activity of MDCK cells transfected with H1N1 pseudotyped lentiviral particles, indicative of an entry inhibitory role of C1q against infectivity of IAV. These data appear to demonstrate the complement-independent subtype specific modulation of IAV infection by locally produced C1q.Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency.Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency

A Serological Study on Hydatid Disease from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India: A Retrospective Observational Study

Introduction: Echinococcus species are zoonotic parasites that cause hydatid disease, affecting humans and animals. The seroprevalence of hydatid disease reflects the level of exposure to this parasite and can be used as an indicator of the burden of the disease in a population. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of hydatid disease. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study conducted at JIPMER hospital, a tertiary care centre located in Puducherry, Southern India. In this study, hydatid serological data from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected in March 2023 and retrospectively analysed in April 2023. All the serum samples that tested positive for Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for echinococcosis during the period from January 2019 to December 2022 were included. The demographic details such as age, gender, place of residence, etc., of the patients whose samples were included were collected from their case records. These samples were then analysed using Microsoft Excel for proportions and percentages. Results: The study showed that the seroprevalence of hydatid disease was 70 (34%) out of 206 samples tested. The seroprevalence was higher in the older age group (>45 years), with 41 (58.6%) cases. It was observed that males and females were almost equally infected, with minor differences in the prevalence of 37 (52.9%) males and 33 (47.1%) females. Conclusion: As the prevalence of hydatid disease in Southern India was unknown, it was observed to be lower when compared to other states of India. This study has provided valuable information on the level of exposure of hydatid disease in the population and will help formulate disease control and prevention strategies

Inoculum composition determines microbial community and function in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor

The sustainable recovery of resources from wastewater streams can provide many social and environmental benefits. A common strategy to recover valuable resources from wastewater is to harness the products of fermentation by complex microbial communities. In these fermentation bioreactors high microbial community diversity within the inoculum source is commonly assumed as sufficient for the selection of a functional microbial community. However, variability of the product profile obtained from these bioreactors is a persistent challenge in this field. In an attempt to address this variability, the impact of inoculum on the microbial community structure and function within the bioreactor was evaluated using controlled laboratory experiments. In the course of this work, sequential batch reactors were inoculated with three complex microbial inocula and the chemical and microbial compositions were monitored by HPLC and 16S rRNA amplicon analysis, respectively. Microbial community dynamics and chemical profiles were found to be distinct to initial inoculate and highly reproducible. Additionally we found that the generation of a complex volatile fatty acid profile was not specific to the diversity of the initial microbial inoculum. Our results suggest that the composition of the original inoculum predictably contributes to bioreactor community structure and function.United States. National Institutes of Health (P30-ES002109

Performance analysis of a novel hybrid deep learning approach in classification of quality-related English text

Text classification technique is advancing rapidly alongside AI technology, showing signs of maturity. Moreover, there are always many unrestricted constraints that text classification must deal with in practical settings. English text is indeed a significant component of textual data and a significant source of data for persons seeking data from other countries. This study enhances the text classification method currently in use using text classification depending upon English quality. By using an illustration of English quality-related text classification systems, the concept as well as execution of text classification systems is demonstrated, concluding the study on text classification algorithms. The main task of this article is to categorize, and analyze huge volumes of information in English text using technique of integrating qualitative. Therefore, the fundamental components of superior English compositions are attained using Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA). Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) is utilized to classify the obtained texts. If there is a lot of training input, the typical English text classification method can easily display flaws like ambiguous characteristic elements. In light of such issues, the research suggests a quality-related English text classification approach based on convolutional neural network in order to enhance the precision and adaptability of English text classification

Study of Association of C-reactive Protein and Alkaline Phosphatase in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are rising rapidly worldwide, especially in Asia. Diabetes has been linked to a shorter life expectancy mainly because of its complications, including heart disease, strokes, eye disease, inflammation and bone disease. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in type 2 diabetes patients. Furthermore, we investigated correlation between serum hsCRP and ALP level with glycaemic triad (FBS, PPBS, HbA1c) in case and control group. A cross sectional study consists of 200 patients out of which 100 normal healthy control (Group I), case - 100 patients having type 2 DM (Group II). FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, hsCRP and ALP were measured.  Mean serum hsCRP and ALP level were statistically significantly higher in case group compared to control group. Moreover, significant positive correlation was observed between hsCRP and ALP level as well as both with FBS, PPBS and HbA1c. Oxidative stress and inflammation appears to be a key component and also associated with poor glycaemic control and further pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.&nbsp

Prevalence of TB-HIV Coinfection Burden in A Tertiary Care CENTER From 2018 to 2020, A Retrospective Four-year Study

HIV is the most important cause of death amoung tuberculosis patient. About 25 % of all causes of death. HIV promote progression of latent TB infection, which become difficult to diagnose initially   later on comorbidity and mortality leads to late diagnosis and death of patients. The current study was from Jan 2018 to Dec 2021, and a retrospective study design was conducted. Many TB patients were found to be hidden HIV infection so active screening is needed, for active case finding. Proper recording should be design, data including phone number should be collected for proper follow-up

Initial inoculum alpha diversity is not correlated with reactor diversity.

<p>The microbial inocula used vary in diversity. The diversity of the microbial communities present in the reactors decreases over the course of the experiment. Diversity is presented as the effective number of species over time for Camel (dark blue), Mangrove (purple), and Sludge (red) bioreactors.</p

Dynamics of enriched OTUs and reactor chemical profiles are distinct to initial microbial inoculum.

<p>We illustrate changes in average relative abundances of enriched OTUs over time <b>(A)</b> and the changes in average product yields in terms of electron equivalents over glucose consumed from provided feed <b>(B)</b> for the three inocula sources Camel, Mangrove, and Sludge reactors, respectively.</p

Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) cycling was performed.

<p>SBR cycles involved centrifuging microcosms, for 20 minutes at 4,000 g, removal of the supernatant, and addition of fresh media. A total of 7 SBR cycles were performed per reactor.</p