Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Crossbred Calves

. Trial was conducted to assess the effects of different garlic supplementation methods on the performance of crossbred calves. Jersey crossbred calves of both sexes were randomly separated into three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) of six calves in each group. Calves in T1 group were supplemented with garlic powder at the dose rate of 250 mg/kg BW in water whereas calves in the T2 group were supplemented with 250 mg/kg BW in concentrate feed and the T3 group was treated as control. The data on growth rate in terms of body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, faecal consistency score, faecal egg count and disease incidence were analysed as per standard procedures. It was found that the calves in T1 and T2 group gained significantly higher overall body weight and average daily gain compared with calves in T3 group. No significant difference was observed in feed intake and feed conversion efficiency between the treatment groups. The faecal consistency score and faecal egg count remained the same in all the treatment groups

EVALUATION OF GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF KALANCHOE PINNATA USING SINGLE CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

 Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of Kalanchoe pinnata alcoholic leaves extract.Methods: Single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET assay) was adopted to investigate genotoxicity potential of standardized ethanolic leaves extract at the concentration of 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml, respectively, using human lymphocytes.Results: K. pinnata leaves extract did not completely damage DNA in human lymphocytes but low, medium, and high-level damage was found in with positive control. The DNA damage level decreases in low, medium, and high (12±1, 6±1, and 1±1) without positive control at the concentration of 100 μg/ml.Conclusion: It was concluded that the parent material did not induce mutagenic and genotoxic potentials at the concentrations 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml but its metabolites are inducing genotoxicity in various models.Â

Glutathione and its dependent enzymes' modulatory responses to toxic metals and metalloids in fish: a review

Toxic metals and metalloid are being rapidly added from multiple pathways to aquatic ecosystem and causing severe threats to inhabiting fauna including fish. Being common in all the type of aquatic ecosystems such as freshwater, marine and brackish water fish are the first to get prone to toxic metals and metalloids. In addition to a number of physiological/biochemical alterations, toxic metals and metalloids cause enhanced generation of varied reactive oxygen species (ROS) ultimately leading to a situ- ation called oxidative stress. However, as an important com- ponent of antioxidant defence system in fish, the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) directly or indirectly regulates the scav- enging of ROS and their reaction products. Additionally, several other GSH-associated enzymes such as GSH reduc- tase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), GSH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), and GSH sulfotransferase (glutathione-S-transferase (GST), EC 2.5.1.18) cumulatively protect fish against ROS and their reaction products accrued anomalies under toxic metals and metalloids stress conditions. The current review highlights recent research findings on the modulation of GSH, its redox couple (reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione), and other GSH-related enzymes (GR, glutathione peroxidase, GST) involved in the detoxification of harmful ROS and their reaction products in toxic metals and metalloids-exposed fish