Using mathematical model to design and sizing of pumping water system

The role of the pump in any pumping system is to provide sufficient pressure to overcome the operating pressure of the system in order to move fluid (water) at a required flow rate to the user. In this study, a mathematics model was used for design in order to provide adequate water supply to every quarter in Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa state Nigeria. According to the research, the proposed water supply requires a 1360W power pump, a 1500W inverter, and a 1500W solar panel. Because the suggested water supply is based on renewable energy, the study found that it can be used at Federal Polytechnic Mubi to increase their supply for human use. As a result, the FPM management has reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Comparative Study of Multiple Regression Model with Curvefit Model for The Prediction of Solar Radiation in Mubi Town Adamawa State, Nigeria

The sun emits solar radiation, which is critical for researchers working on renewable energy technology that provides ecologically favorable power systems. This research created a new model to forecast DHSR for the Mubi metropolitan area in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Data for this study were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) over a 22-year period (2000 – 2021). When DHSR was employed as an output, the requested values were air temperature (Tai) and relative humidity (Rhi). The MATHLAB curve fitting program was used to create the new DHSR mathematical model. The model was validated using five statistical methods in this study: MSE (mean square error); SSE (sum of square errors); RMSE, Chi-square error (X2), and the absolute fraction of variance (R2) are 0.0005, 0.0064, 0.0231, 0.0011kWh/m2/day, and 0.9998, respectively

Energy Savings for Air Conditioning System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Design for Northeastern Nigeria

Efficient air cooling in an air conditioning system minimizes power consumption. The air conditioning system is considered one of the home appliances in which a massive amount of electrical energy is recorded, especially in the urban area. In this work, the fuzzy logic controller is designed to save energy for northeastern Nigeria using six and two input and output parameters respectively. The input parameters consist of the temperature of the user, temperature difference, number of occupants, time of the day, dew point temperature, and weather conditions. The output parameters consist of compressor speed and operation mode. The controller performance was simulated. The controller is designed in such a way that it can control the compressor speed leading to energy savings, and the operation mode to optimize humidity conditions, and when the room gets hot, it switches to air conditioning. The simulated result showed that a good percentage of electrical power could be saved when fuzzy logic is utilize

Households' Choice of Genotypes and Traits of Preference in Yoruba Ecotype Chicken in Ibadan, Nigeria

This study aimed at evaluating Yoruba Ecotype chicken genotypes of choice and traits of preference in the chicken by households in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained from a total of 120 households using structured interview schedule. Data were subjected to both descriptive statistics and Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Results revealed that most of the respondents were female; they raised the chicken for income generation and consumption. Most of the respondents preferred normal feather Yoruba Ecotype chicken to other genotypes. The result also revealed that traits of preference by most of the respondents were growth rate, body size, egg production, fertility, disease resistance, temperament, broodiness, mothering ability, hatchability, plumage colour and distribution, social-cultural value, survivability, fecundity, ease of sales and laying of large number of eggs. The Principal component 1 explained over 86.2% in household preferences for all the variables considered in the study. Based on the result of this study, it was concluded that most of the respondents’ preferred normal feather Yoruba Ecotype chicken compared to other genotypes like frizzle feather and naked neck. Traits of economic importance appeared to be consistent in preference for genotype of choice by respondents. The PCI value explained over 86.2% in household preferences for all the variables. Further research efforts on genotypes and traits of economic importance of Yoruba Ecotype chicken could facilitate future breeding programs geared towards increasing the chicken production and productivity among households and smallholders. There is also a need for effective breeding and conservation program to preserve economically important genetic resources of this chicken to prevent the risk of loss of the indigenous chicken genetic pool

Assessing the viability of a grid-connected PV power plant in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

This paper is based on a techno-economic analysis and the environmental impact of a proposed 1 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant at the main campus of the Federal Polytechnic Mubi (FPM) in north-eastern Nigeria. A photovoltaic power plant converts solar radiation into electricity that can be used as a source of electrical power to meet the daily energy requirements of homes, equipment, and all tertiary institutions. RETScreen Expert software was used to evaluate the techno-economic and environmental sustainability of installing a grid-connected PV power plant. The research results revealed that with an annual solar radiation of 5.74 kWh/m2/day, the maximum annual energy production was estimated to be 1,550.98 MWh. It was discovered that the maximum energy production in March was 146.89 MWh. The project’s profitability and economic sustainability were determined with a good internal rate of return (IRR) of 11.9% and a positive net present value (NPV) of $681,164. The proposed PV power plant has a simple payback period of 11.4 years. The maximum greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction is 670.9 tCO2, equivalent to 61.7 ha of forest-absorbing carbon emissions

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Using Homer Software for Cost Analysis of Stand-Alone Power Generation for Small Scale Industry in Nigeria: A Case Study Lumatec Aluminium Products

Nigeria is one of developing countries in the world that experience shortage of electricity for her economic and social development. In Nigeria, most of the small-scale industries use diesel/petrol-based systems to generate their electricity. However, due to the cost fluctuation of oil and gas fuel, an alternative power generation should be considered. This paper targets to examine the cost analysis of system for supplying electricity to LUMATEC Aluminium products shop in Mubi, Adamawa state Nigeria. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) is used as a tool for cost analysis. The scenario consider in this study was only stand-alone with battery system. Results revealed that the system have 10kW PV with cost of electricity (COE) of $0.312/kW. The initial capital cost and total net present cost (NPC) are$21.775 and $26.148 respectively, with payback period of 5.8years. In conclusion, this study provides the solution of power supply to the small-scale industries at cost effective and available throughout the year and it is feasible to solve the small-scale industries, rural and urban electricity supplying in this country (Nigeria). It is recommended that Nigerian Government & Law makers should promotes the use of standalone PV system for domestic and small-scale industry by providing financial assistance through soft loans, subsides and grants

Predictions of Daily Horizontal Solar Radiation for Rural Development: The Case of Mubi Town, Adamawa State, Nigeria

The solar radiation which is produced by the sun has created interests for the renewable researchers in the area of solar technology to make environment friendly and develop communities through this abundant energy potential. This study developed a model of Daily Horizontal Solar Radiation (DHSR) for Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The present study data were obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in year 2017. The sought data were air temperature and Relative Humidity which were used as the input parameters and DHSR used as output. Mathematical Model of DHSR of the study area was generated through the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis that was done in the Microsoft World Excel. Results of the research were validated using statistical tools of Mean Square Error and Correlation Coefficient given 1.61 and 0.95 respectively. Consequently, it was concluded that MLR Model can be considered as a substitute for evaluating the Actual DHSR for weather condition data of Mubi. Therefore, this finding is significant to the development of the socio-economic activities of the Mubi Town. Based on this finding it was recommended that the behavious of MLR Model should be tested in other locations across the Northeast, Nigeria

First successfully separated set of thoraco-omphalopagus twins in Ilorin, Nigeria: A case report

The birth of babies sharing body part(s) and surviving independently is indeed a scientific marvel. Conjoined twinning is a rare phenomenon with various presentations, having an estimated incidence of 1 per 200,000 live births. The successes recorded by experts in developed countries in the separation of conjoined twins in recent times, especially among those with complex unions are indeed fascinating. The management of conjoined twins presents a great challenge to medical and surgical teams in tropical African countries such as ours where we are faced with challenges of limited resources and facilities, even amidst the presence of well-trained experts. The incidence of conjoined twins is difficult to report in our practice because of failures that accompanied previous cases that were managed and not reported. This is the first successful separation after two previous failed attempts at our center. We report a case of successful surgical separation of thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins who were undiagnosed prenatally and delivered by emergency cesarean section following prolonged labor by a primiparous woman. Babies were joined from the lower chest and the upper abdomen and they shared a single umbilicus and omphalocele sac. No internal viscus was shared apart from the torso wall. They were cared for from 12 h of live until 127 days of live when they were successfully separated by a team of medical and surgical experts. This is a report of a successful separation of conjoined twins at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital in North Central Nigeria. Careful interdisciplinary conduct of expert activities will ensure the survival of rare congenital malformations such as conjoined twinning even in underdeveloped climes