Registration of NPM-4, a Dwarf White Grain Pearl Millet Germplasm

Dwarf grain pearl millet [Pennisetum glucum (L.) R. Br.] germplasm NPM-4 (Reg. no. GP-37, PI 634545) was released in September 2003 by the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. NPM-4 was derived from open-pollinated outcrosses of white grain inbred line 57028R1w grown in a 1998 Puerto Vallarta winter nursery. The source of the outcross pollen was from primarily genetically diverse, dwarf, early maturing, gray seeded lines being developed as parents for grain yield. Line 57028R1w was derived from 89C57028R1/3*90PV0121. Line 89C57028R1 is gray-seeded, and line 90PV0121 has white seed. Line 90PV0121, an F5 was derived from the cross 85C53005/ZW10. Line 89C57028R1was an A1 (Burton, 1958) cytoplasmic nuclear male-sterility (cms) restorer S5 selection out of row 84M:17101-1 of segregating germplasm obtained in the late 1970s from Dr. A.J. Casady, Kansas State University, that had undergone random mating and selection for at least 3 cycles before 1984. Line 85C53005 was an A1 maintainer S2 selection (84H:14014) also from the segregating Casady germplasm. The line ZW10 was a white seeded introduction from Zambia obtained in 1988. The 1998 winter nursery outcrosses of 57028R1w were grown in isolation at the Department of Agronomy Farm at the University of Nebraska’s Agricultural Research and Development Center (ARDC), Mead, NE, in 1998 and productive dwarf white seeded plants were selected for harvest and bulked together. The harvested bulk was grown in 1999 at Mead and plants were selfed and selected for all white seed on panicles. The white seeded selfs were grown in isolation in 2000. Nineteen open-pollinated white grain selections were made and random mated in isolation in 2001. Open pollinated seed of the best six white grain families was combined to form the bulk for seed release. Final selection was for panicle size, kernel size, and lodging resistance. Top-crosses of NPM-4 with cms lines NE68A1, NE59043A1, and KS1163A1 (a CMS A1–line from W.D. Stegmeier, Kansas State University-Hays) in 2002 indicated that NPM-4 was a good restorer of A1 cms with good combining ability for grain yield

Comparative plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine and ceftiofur hydrochloride following individual and co-administration in dairy cows

Item does not contain fulltextCeftiofur (CEF) and flunixin meglumine (FLU) are two drugs approved for use in beef and dairy cattle that are frequently used in combination for many diseases. These two drugs are the most commonly used drugs in dairy cattle in their respective drug classes. Two research groups have recently published manuscripts demonstrating altered pharmacokinetics of FLU and CEF in cows affected with naturally occurring mastitis. The objective of this study was to determine whether pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine administered intravenously or intramuscularly administered ceftiofur hydrochloride would be altered when co-administered versus individual administration to healthy dairy cattle. Ten cows were utilized in a three-period, three-treatment crossover design, with all cows receiving each treatment one time with a 10-day washout period between treatments. Following treatment, plasma and interstitial fluid samples were collected and stored for later analysis. Additionally, plasma ultrafiltrate was collected using microcentrifugation to determine plasma protein binding of each drug. Drug concentrations in plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate, and interstitial fluid were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results of this trial indicate that drug interactions between FLU and CEF do not occur when the two drugs are administered simultaneously in healthy cattle. Further work is needed to determine whether this relationship is maintained in the presence of severe disease

Evidence for three genetic loci involved in both anorexia nervosa risk and variation of body mass index

The maintenance of normal body weight is disrupted in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) for prolonged periods of time. Prior to the onset of AN, premorbid body mass index (BMI) spans the entire range from underweight to obese. After recovery, patients have reduced rates of overweight and obesity. As such, loci involved in body weight regulation may also be relevant for AN and vice versa. Our primary analysis comprised a cross-trait analysis of the 1000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the lowest P-values in a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of AN (GCAN) for evidence of association in the largest published GWAMA for BMI (GIANT). Subsequently we performed sex-stratified analyses for these 1000 SNPs. Functional ex vivo studies on four genes ensued. Lastly, a look-up of GWAMA-derived BMI-related loci was performed in the AN GWAMA. We detected significant associations (P-values <5 × 10-5, Bonferroni-corrected P<0.05) for nine SNP alleles at three independent loci. Interestingly, all AN susceptibility alleles were consistently associated with increased BMI. None of the genes (chr. 10: CTBP2, chr. 19: CCNE1, chr. 2: CARF and NBEAL1; the latter is a region with high linkage disequilibrium) nearest to these SNPs has previously been associated with AN or obesity. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that the strongest BMI signal originated predominantly from females (chr. 10 rs1561589; Poverall: 2.47 × 10-06/Pfemales: 3.45 × 10-07/Pmales: 0.043). Functional ex vivo studies in mice revealed reduced hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 after fasting. Hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 was increased in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice as compared with age-matched lean controls. We observed no evidence for associations for the look-up of BMI-related loci in the AN GWAMA. A cross-trait analysis of AN and BMI loci revealed variants at three chromosomal loci with potential joint impact. The chromosome 10 locus is particularly promising given that the association with obesity was primarily driven by females. In addition, the detected altered hypothalamic expression patterns of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 as a result of fasting and DIO implicate these genes in weight regulation