Color Image Watermarking using JND Sampling Technique

This paper presents a color image watermarking scheme using Just Noticeable Difference (JND) Sampling Technique in spatial domain. The nonlinear JND Sampling technique is based on physiological capabilities and limitations of human vision. The quantization levels have been computed using the technique for each of the basic colors R, G and B respectively for sampling color images. A watermark is scaled to half JND image and is added to the JND sampled image at known spatial position. For transmission of the image over a channel, the watermarked image has been represented using Reduced Biquaternion (RB) numbers. The original image and the watermark are retrieved using the proposed algorithms. The detection and retrieval techniques presented in this paper have been quantitatively benchmarked with a few contemporary algorithms using MSE and PSNR. The proposed algorithms outperform most of them. Keywords: Color image watermarking, JND sampling, Reduced Biquaternion, Retrieva

Occurrences of thrombocytopenia with valproic acid used for psychiatric indication

Background: The main aim of this study is to find out the effect of valproic acid on platelet count and to know the possible risk factors for thrombocytopenia in patients taking valproate (VPA).Methods: On 72 patients having psychiatric indication, a longitudinal observational study was designed and conducted from February 2012 to July 2013 at Department of Psychiatry (out-patient department) of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College and Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Jail Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Platelet count was monitored and determined using an automatic coulter analyzer. The patients were followed up to 6 months. Statistical tool standard deviation ± was used for statistical analysis. p<0.05 is considered as statistically significant.Results: Total percentage of thrombocytopenia was found to be 12.5%; among that males constitute 9.8% and females 19.04%. The maximum number of cases falls in the age group between 51 and 60 years (55.5%). The major diagnostic group was reported to be consisted of mania (40.4%), followed by resistant cases of schizophrenia (25%) and then bipolar affective disorder (23.6%). The study indicated that maximum patients suffered from mild thrombocytopenia (11.1%) and (1.4%) patients have moderate thrombocytopenia. The mean time from exposure to VPA therapy to the first episode of thrombocytopenia was reported 92 days.Conclusions: Our findings underlined the importance of monitoring platelet counts in patients treated with VPA. This monitoring should be continued indefinitely on monthly basis. The studies indicate that the demands of more vigilant monitoring of patients should occur in age of 50-60 years, and result of entire studies indicates that females were found to be subjected to incidences of thrombocytopenia especially

LAN Monitoring Using Android Phone

ABSTRACT: Now a day&apos;s android phones are used for the various applications. We can use android phone for monitor and control the network. It is to control the network when network admin is in admin office but it is difficult to control the network from outside the office. It is integrated software solution that allows a network admin to remotely monitor his LAN network by his Android phone with GUI. The main purpose of this application is to provide all the important details of the network to the admin on their android phone with the help of GPRS or Wi-Fi. We are using data connectivity or Wi-Fi to connect the mobile phone to LAN server. And we also are using password encryption for authentication in phone

Role of Experiential Trust in E-Shopping Behaviour: An Emerging Market Perspective

Addressing the limited research on online shopping trust in the emerging e-market context, this study examined how online experience affects experiential trust, attitude, perceived risk, perceived usefulness, and purchase intention. Further, experiential trust was tested as a mediator between online experience and attitude, perceived risk, and perceived usefulness. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data from 583 respondents. The proposed hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling using AMOS 23 and hierarchical regression analysis. The result indicates that online experience is significant in forming experiential trust. The findings also show that experiential trust plays an important role in influencing e-shoppers’ purchasing behavior. Furthermore, it has been found that online experience and experiential trust function as distinct predictors of perceived risk in online shopping behavior. This study provides new insights into online shopping behavior in emerging e-market scenarios. Practically, the findings suggest the strategic importance of generating experiential trust in the e-retailing context and indicate the utility of past online experiences

Supplementary material for Phylogenomic analysis supports Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission between humans and elephants

Supplementary information: Table S1: Detailed information on the 94 whole genomes retrieved from GenBank and used in this study.Peer reviewe

Phylogenomic analysis supports Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission between humans and elephants

[Introduction]: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of acid-fast bacilli known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), which has a major impact on humans. Transmission of MTC across the human-animal interface has been demonstrated by several studies. However, the reverse zoonotic transmission from humans to animals (zooanthroponosis) has often been neglected.[Methods]: In this study, we used Nanopore MinION and Illumina MiSeq approaches to sequence the whole genome of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from two deceased Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and one human in Chitwan, Nepal. The evolutionary relationships and drug resistance capacity of these strains were assessed using the whole genome data generated by the stand-alone tool Tb-Profiler. Phylogenomic trees were also constructed using a non-synonymous SNP alignment of 2,596 bp, including 94 whole genome sequences representative of the previously described M. tuberculosis lineages from elephants worldwide (lineages 1 and 4) and from humans in Nepal (lineages 1, 2 and 3).[Results and discussion]: The new genomes achieved an average coverage of 99.6%, with an average depth of 55.67x. These M. tuberculosis strains belong to lineage 1 (elephant DG), lineage 2 (elephant PK) and lineage 4 (human), and none of them were found to have drug-resistant variants. The elephant-derived isolates were evolutionarily closely related to human-derived isolates previously described in Nepal, both in lineages 1 and 2, providing additional support for zooanthroponosis or bidirectional transmission between humans and elephants. The human-derived isolate clustered together with other published human isolates from Argentina, Russia and the United Kingdom in the lineage 4 clade. This complex multi-pathogen, multi-host system is challenging and highlights the need for a One Health approach to tuberculosis prevention and control at human-animal interface, particularly in regions where human tuberculosis is highly endemic.This work was supported by National Funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the scope of the project UIDP/50027/2020.Peer reviewe

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic

Cyclodextrin nanoparticles in targeted cancer theranostics

The field of cancer nanotheranostics is rapidly evolving, with cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanoparticles emerging as a promising tool. CDs, serving as nanocarriers, have higher adaptability and demonstrate immense potential in delivering powerful anti-cancer drugs, leading to promising and specific therapeutic outcomes for combating various types of cancer. The unique characteristics of CDs, combined with innovative nanocomplex creation techniques such as encapsulation, enable the development of potential theranostic treatments. The review here focuses mainly on the different techniques administered for effective nanotheranostics applications of CD-associated complex compounds in the domain of cancer treatments. The experimentations on various loaded drugs and their complex conjugates with CDs prove effective in in vivo results. Various cancers can have potential nanotheranostics cures using CDs as nanoparticles along with a highly efficient process of nanocomplex development and a drug delivery system. In conclusion, nanotheranostics holds immense potential for targeted drug delivery and improved therapeutic outcomes, offering a promising avenue for revolutionizing cancer treatments through continuous research and innovative approaches