Heavy vector and axial-vector DD mesons in hot magnetized asymmetric nuclear matter

We observed the impact of finite magnetic field on the in-medium mass and decay constant of isospin averaged vector $D^*(D^{*^+},D^{*^0})$ and axial-vector $D_1(D^+_1, D^0_1)$ mesons. The quark and gluon condensates of the nuclear medium at finite magnetic field, temperature, isospin asymmetry, and density have been obtained by the meson exchange scalar fields within the chiral SU(3) model. The medium attributes modify the scalar and vector density of nuclear medium and this variation reflects in the in-medium mass and decay constant of spin 1 $D$ mesons. We calculate these observables by comparing the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) and the phenomenological side in the QCD Sum Rules. In the results, we observed a positive mass shift for charged vector and axial-vector $D$ mesons with respect to magnetic field. For neutral vector (axial-vector) $D$ mesons we observed negative (positive) mass shift as a function of magnetic field. In the application part, we calculate the in-medium partial decay width of the process $D^*_s$(2715/2860) $\rightarrow$ $D^* K$ by using $^3P_0$ model. The in-medium effects are incorporated through the in-medium masses of $D^*$ and $K$ mesons.Comment: 36 Pages, 11 figure

Spam Filtering using Support Vector Machine

The traditional anti-spam techniques like Black and White List is not up to the mark in current scenario. The goal of Spam Classification is to distinguish between spam and legitimate mail message. But with the popularization of the Internet, it is challenging to develop spam filters that can effectively eliminate the increasing volumes of unwanted mails automatically before they enter a user\u27s mailbox. Many researchers have been trying to separate spam from legitimate emails using machine learning algorithms based on statistical learning methods. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Non Linear SVM based classifiers with various kernel functions over Enron Dataset

Studies on variant infectious bronchitis viruses: In vitro and in vivo comparison of virulence, immunopathogenesis and protection

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants have wide tissue tropism and high pathogenicity which provides a unique opportunity to dissect the molecular mechanisms contributing these differences. After infection of chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells infected with IBV strains 885, QX and M41, to establish the role of host response signature to envisage the tissue tropism and pathogenicity, the apoptosis and innate immune responses were investigated. The CEK cells infected with 885 and QX shown higher cell death rate than M41. These differences in cell death rate were due to higher levels of apoptosis induction by 885 and QX as compare to M41. We found that up-regulation of toll like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (MDA5) and interferon beta (IFN-β) 9 hours after infection corresponded to IBV pathogenicity. In summary, higher apoptosis and elevated levels of TLR3, MDA5 and IFN-β expression correlates to pathogenicity of IBVs in kidney (CEK cells) tissues. To further analyse the differences in early host innate immune responses and apoptosis after IBV infection, we infected chicken tracheal organ cultures (TOCs) with IBV strains 885, QX and M41. We demonstrated that IBV strain M41 induced stronger innate immune response as indicated by up-regulations of TLR3, MDA5 and IFN-β and apoptosis than 885 or QX in TOCs. These observed effects suggest that higher apoptosis together with elevated levels of TLR3, MDA5 and IFN-β expression appears to be correlates to pathogenicity of IBVs in TOCs (respiratory tissue). For corroborating theses in vitro results further work involved the differential immunopathogenesis in chickens infected with IBV strains 885, QX or M41. We confirmed that the histopathological changes, proinflammatory and innate immune gene response could be induced to varied degrees, depending on the IBV strain. Essentially, our results indicates that higher upregulation of expression of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6 and IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor (LITAF) is induced by M41 in trachea and 885 and QX in the kidney, which seem to mainly coincide with tracheal and renal histopathological lesions caused by these strains, respectively. In addition, elevated levels of TLR3, MDA5 and IFN-β expression correlated with lesion severity in IBV infected trachea and kidney tissues. Overall, this study reports striking differences in the activation of host responses by diffrerent pathogenic IBV strains. Despite vaccination IBV 793B infections continue to be a major threat to the health of all types of chicken in many parts of the world. In this study, the immunopathogenesis of 793B serotype was comprehensively analysed after IBV infection either in vitro (CEK cells and TOCs) or in vivo (SPF chicks). In conclusion this study reports higher levels of apoptosis together with elevated TLR3, MDA5 and IFN-β expression in vitro which correlates to the pathogenicity of 793B in trachea and kidney in vivo. Furthermore, we observed that greater upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6 and IL-1β) and LITAF is induced by 793B infection in trachea and kidney which appears to be partially implicated lesions caused by IBV. Our findings contribute to the underlying mechanisms of induction of host immune responses to IBV in SPF chicks in vivo as well as in vitro. The project aimed to assess the mucosal, cellular and humoral immune responses induced by two different infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccination regimes and their efficacy against challenge by a variant IBV Q1. Day-old broiler chicks were vaccinated with live H120 alone (Group I) or in combination with CR88 (Group II). Both groups were again vaccinated with CR88 at 14 days of age (doa). One group was kept as a control (Group III). All groups were challenged oculo-nasally with a virulent Q1 strain at 28 doa, and their protection was assessed. Both vaccinated groups gave excellent ciliary protection against the Q1, though group II’s histopathology lesion scores and viral RNA loads in the trachea and kidney showed greater levels of protection compared to group I

An in Vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Three Disinfectants and Three Time Intervals in Controlling the Growth of Candida Albicans on Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin

Various disinfection modalities are available for dental materials; however, acrylic resins are heat sensitive materials and so cannot be autoclaved. Chemical disinfection has immerged as a safe alternative that is least likely to cause severely detrimental changes to the physical properties of the acrylic resin and be simultaneously potent enough to control the growth of Candida albicans which is the most common cause of denture stomatitis and other inflammatory conditions of the oral mucosa following denture us. Recent research has suggested use of Peracetic Acid on acrylic resins, however the potential of the acid at low concentrations in comparison with commonly available commercial chlorhexidine has not been examined at time intervals that simulate clinical, laboratory and household constraints. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of 01% and 0.25% peracetic acid in comparison with 2% chlorhexidine at 5-minute, 10 minute and 8-hour immersion in the chemical solutions of acrylic resin specimens contaminated with Candida Albicans. The percentage elimination of C. albicans with 0.1% peracetic acid and 0.25% peracetic acid was 100% after immersion in disinfectant at every time point. While, the percentage elimination of C. albicans with ICPA Hexidine mouthwash was 60%, 70% and 100% after immersion in disinfectant for 5miutes, 10minutes and 8 hours respectively. The difference in reduction of Candida Albicans as compared to control group was significant (p<0.05) in ICPA Hexidine mouthwash, 0.1% peracetic acid and 0.25% peracetic acid.Acrylic resin samples subjected to 0.1% and 0.25% peracetic acid depicted higher levels of disinfection in comparison with ICPA Hexidine (2% chlorhexidine) following all three intervals of time. It can therefore be concluded that peracetic acid even at low concentrations is capable of controlling the proliferation of Candida albicans even at short immersion time intervals

Tension Subdural Hygroma Following Resection of Posterior Fossa Tumour in a Child: A new clinico-radio-pathological entity

Persistent hydrocephalus is common in child after resection of posterior fossa tumours. Occurrence of subdural hygroma, but is very rare, with only few cases reported. We report the rare case of a child who developed a tense subdural hygroma with stable hydrocephalus, in the early postoperative period, following posterior fossa tumour resection. We describe the distinctive clinical, radiological and pathological features associated with the development of a tense subdural hygroma.  We also discuss the management by cerebrospinal fluid diversion, which includes either a ventriculoperitoneal or subduroperitoneal shunt. This unique condition is distinguished from external hydrocephalus by features that are critical to the management strategy.  Keywords: Child, Posterior fossa tumour, Postoperative period, Hydrocephalus, Subdural hygroma, Hygroma, External hydrocephalus

SUB-CLINICAL MASTITIS IN MURRAH BUFFALOES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PREVALENCE, ETIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOGRAM

ABSTRACT 7.05% of the quarters (SCC above 500,000/ml of milk and culturally positive), 4.60% quarters (SCC below 500,000/ml of milk but culturally positive) and 3.98% (culturally negative and SCC above 500,000/ml) were found to suffer from sub-clinical, latent and non-specifi c mastitis