Design and evaluation of taste masked chewable dispersible tablet of lamotrigine by melt granulation

Lamotrigine, an antiepileptic drug (AED) of the phenyltriazine class, is chemically unrelated to existing antiepileptic drugs. Lamotrigine is also used in the treatment of depression and bipolar disorder. But it is a bitter drug and slightly soluble in water. Thus, in the work under taken, an attempt was made to mask the taste and to formulate into a chewable dispersible tablet by complexation with Precirol ATO-05, which also acts as taste masking agent. Since, these tablets can be swallowed in the form of dispersion; it is suitable dosage form for paediatric and geriatric patients. Drug-Precirol ATO-05 was prepared in drug to Precirol ATO-05 ratio of 1:2, 1:1.5, 1:1, 1:0.5. The prepared tablets were evaluated for general appearance, content uniformity, hardness, friability, taste evaluation, mouth feel, in vitro disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets with Precirol ATO-05 have shown good disintegrating features, also, the dispersion not showing any bitter taste, indicate the capability of Precirol ATO-05 used, both as taste masking agents. Almost more than 90 percent of drug was released from the formulation within 1 h. Further formulations were subjected to stability testing for 3 months at temperatures 25±5ºC/60±5%RH; 30±5ºC/65±5%RH and 40±5ºC/75±5%RH. Tablets have shown no appreciable changes with respect to taste, disintegration, and dissolution profiles.Keywords: Lamotrigine; Melt granulation; Precirol; Taste masking; Chewable dispersible tablets

SELF-MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SMDDS): A NOVEL AP- PROACH FOR ENHANCEMENT OF BIOAVAILABILITY

ABSTRACT The oral delivery of lipophillic drugs presents a major challenge because of the low aqueous solubility of such compounds. Self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) have gained exposure for their ability to increase solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. SMEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and co-solvents and drugs with a unique ability to form fine oil in water microemulsiom upon mild agitation following dilution with aqueous phase. The efficiency of oral absorption of the drug compound from the SMEDDS depends on many formulations related parameters, such as surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant ratio, polarity of the emulsion, droplet size all of which in essence determine the self-micro emulsifying ability. Approximately 40%of new chemical entities exhibit poor aqueous solubility and present a major challenge to modern drug delivery system, because of their low bioavailability

Long Term Outcome of Patients with Penile Fracture Undergoing Delayed Repair

Introduction: Fracture of the penis is a rare urological emergency which occurs as a result of abrupt trauma to an erect penis. Immediate surgical repair is the standard of care and is superior to nonoperative management due to excellent long term outcomes. A large percentage of the patients present late for treatment out of fear or embarrassment. We report our series of patients who presented&nbsp;&nbsp; late and underwent delayed repair. We also report the long term outcome in these patients.Materials &amp; Methods: The data was retrospectively collected from hospital records, which included: detailed history, symptoms, type of relationship, mechanism of trauma, sexual position, clinical fi ndings at physical examination, imaging results, presence of urethral injury, outcomes, and long-term complications regarding sexual and voiding functions.Results: Twenty two patients presented to our hospital casualty/emergency services following penile fracture and underwent delayed surgical repair. Heterosexual inter- course was the most common cause&nbsp; of fracture (18 patients, 81.81%). The mean time duration between injury and presentation was 48.77±33.56 hours. The mean time duration between presentation and surgical intervention was&nbsp; 4.31±1.37 hours. MRI was done in 6 cases with positive predictive value of 100%. Seventeen (77.27%)&nbsp; patients experienced erections during the post-operative period in the hospital. At the end of 1 year&nbsp; follow-up all the 22 patients had been having sexual intercourse. Conclusions: Our data suggests that, patients with penile fractures undergoing delayed repair have preservation of erectile potency and overall&nbsp; sexual function is maintained.</p