2,6,6-Trimethyl­cyclo­hexene-1-carbaldehyde oxime

In the crystal of the title compound C10H17NO, synthesized by the reaction of β-cyclo­citral with hydroxyl­amine hydro­chloride, inversion-related mol­ecules are linked by a pair of O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between the oxime functionalities, forming R 2 2(6) loops. The molecular conformation is stabilized by intra­molecular methyl C—H⋯N inter­actions. The cyclohexene ring has the typical half-chair conformation

2,6,6-Trimethyl­cyclo­hex-2-ene­carb­oxy­lic acid

In the title crystal structure, C10H16O2, inversion-related mol­ecules are linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving carboxyl groups to form R 2 2(8) dimers. The cyclo­hexene ring displays a half-chair conformation

Generalized Fock Spaces, New Forms of Quantum Statistics and their Algebras

We formulate a theory of generalized Fock spaces which underlies the different forms of quantum statistics such as ``infinite'', Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. Single-indexed systems as well as multi-indexed systems that cannot be mapped into single-indexed systems are studied. Our theory is based on a three-tiered structure consisting of Fock space, statistics and algebra. This general formalism not only unifies the various forms of statistics and algebras, but also allows us to construct many new forms of quantum statistics as well as many algebras of creation and destruction operators. Some of these are : new algebras for infinite statistics, q-statistics and its many avatars, a consistent algebra for fractional statistics, null statistics or statistics of frozen order, ``doubly-infinite'' statistics, many representations of orthostatistics, Hubbard statistics and its variations.Comment: This is a revised version of the earlier preprint: mp_arc 94-43. Published versio

Quantum interference effects in a five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory

The change in the phase of the wavefunction of a test particle moving in a five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory is computed. It is found to contain the gravitational and electromagnetic (Bohm-Aharonov effect) phase shifts separately and simultaneously. The gauge invariance of the Bohm-Aharonov effect is discussed

Optimal Decentralized Load Frequency Control in a Parallel AC-DC Interconnected Power System Through HVDC Link Using PSO Algorithm

AbstractA new design of decentralized load-frequency controller for interconnected power systems with ac-dc parallel using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. A HVDC link is connected in parallel with an existing ac tie-line to stabilize the frequency oscillations of the ac system. Any optimum controller selected for load frequency control of interconnected power systems should not only stabilize the power system but also reduce the system frequency and tie line power oscillations and settling time of the output responses. In practice Load Frequency Control (LFC) systems use simple Proportional Integral (PI) or Integral (I) controller parameters are usually tuned based on classical or trial-and-error approaches, they are incapable of obtaining good dynamic performance for various load change scenarios in multi-area power system. For this reason, in this paper the PI and I control parameters are tuned based on PSO algorithm method for the LFC control in the two-area power system. A two area interconnected thermal power system is considered to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the proposed controller provides better dynamic responses with minimal frequency and tie-line power deviations, quick settling time and guarantees closed-loop stability margin