Ascorbic acid attenuates ethanol induced apoptotic and oxidative response by blocking the Bax, Bcl2 and Caspase signaling pathways

Background: Research evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress plays important etiological role in pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. The agents having antioxidant property plays a promising therapeutic intervention in ALD. In our present study we investigate the effect of ascorbic acid on ethanol induced liver injury and molecular mechanism of ethanol induced apoptosis.Methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each group control, ethanol treatment 40% (2ml/100gm), ethanol+ascorbic acid 100mg/kg b.w. intra-gastric gavage, ethanol+silymarin 100mg/kg b.w. intra-gastric gavage for 21 days. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparision test.Results: Ethanol induced hepatotoxicity is evidenced by increased level of liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and LDH) and lipid peroxidation whereas the level of antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, VIT C and E) was significantly decreased. Our results are further supported by histopathological examination which shows drastic changes in liver architecture. Hepatic Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 proteins expressions were altered. On contrary treatment with ascorbic acid ameliorated the changes induced by ethanol and improved liver architecture. Conclusions: Ascorbic acid as an antioxidant protect the liver from ethanol induced oxidative damage and apoptosis.

Abundance of anemone fishes in North Bay Island and mass culture of live food organisms for their larval rearing

Understanding the transect survey for abundance of anemone fishes and other living organisms is important to asses reef associated fish diversity in North Bay island. The percentage distribution of 10 different substratum from the disturbed, semi-disturbed and undisturbed areas was recorded during the survey in North Bay islands during November 2009 to April 2010. The survey observations reveal that the fishes were the dominant groups followed by mollusks, lobsters and octopus. There are 5 different anemone fishes were collected during the transect survey and their distribution is more in undisturbed area. We are standardizing the different mass culture techniques for production of phytoplankton and zooplankton for the nutritional source for the anemone fish larvae. Monitoring the water quality parameters and culture the phytoplankton and zooplankton used in different culture media with 2 adjustment studies like with and without salinity adjustment. The results of this experiment indicate that zooplankton was rich in protein and fat content and it will be used as high nutritional source for feeding fish larvae

Recent advances in estimation of paraquat using various analytical techniques: A review

Agriculture, one of the ancient occupations is considered as the backbone of any civilization across the countries. Development of agriculture and its technology has constantly evolved right from its origin. To increase agricultural productivity, people have started using pesticides. In ancient times, people used organic manures, however later, they have moved to synthetic/chemical pesticides, which are hazardous as well. The synthetic pesticides are not only harmful towards human beings but also to the environment. Among the available pesticides, paraquat (PQ) is one of the common herbicides used in agriculture. Usage of this herbicide leads to several life-threatening diseases and increases mortality rate. Therefore, quick, selective, and efficient detection of PQ in soil, water, and agro-products is very much essential to prevent its hazardous effects. In this perspective, several methods have been proposed in the literature for the detection of PQ using variety of catalysts.This review provides an insight on the detection of PQ using various analytical techniques including adsorption, spectrophotometric methods, chromatographic methods, and electrochemical methods etc. Further, it focuses on the different type of catalytic materials like metal nanoparticles, carbonaceous materials, and their composites, metals, polymers, and their roles during the determination of PQ. In addition, it analyses the effectiveness of the catalyst materials in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, real time monitoring in fruit juices like potato and apple juices, water samples etc., towards the detection of PQ

Antifouling Potentials of Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata against Vibrio alginolyticus strainVBM-01

1654-1661Present study consist the antifouling properties from Rhizophora apiculata was tested against pioneering marine biofouling bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus. The Vibrio alginolyticus was found to dominant group with high population density of 160±2.0×10-5 colony forming unit which has been isolated from Mandapam coast of South India. Agar well diffusion method was used to find out the inhibition of biofilm forming bacteria through zone of inhibition. Followed by the time kill assay and anti-adhesion assay was performed by exploiting the potentials of antibiofilm activity. Preliminary phyto-chemical screening shows the alkaloids and saponins were exist in the chloroform extract of Rhizophora apiculata. Further, HPLC chromatogram shows two significant major peaks with 27.943 and 98.670 retention time. HPTLC profile was recorded with Rf value concluded the broad antifouling properties of the chloroform extracts of Rhizophora apiculata inhibit the growth of pioneering marine biofouling bacteria

Catalytic degradation of methyl orange using biogenic nanosilver and its phytotoxicity evaluation

The cell free extract of Staphylococcus aureus has been used to reduce the 1mM silver nitrate into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biological manner. The colour change from yellowish to brown colour is primary confirmation of AgNPs synthesis. Further, the synthesized AgNPs have been characterized by UV-vis for confirmation of reduction process. The morphology of AgNPs is visualized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to determine the size and zeta potential of AgNPs. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is confirmed the presence of silver and its structure and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is used to determine the functional group that actively involved in methyl orange (MO) degradation. For application of AgNPs, different concentration (10-200 µg/mL) of AgNPs has been used to degrade the different concentration (100-2000 µg/mL) of MO. Roughly, 62% of MO (2000 µg/mL) has been degraded after treated with 200µg/mL of AgNPs. Further, the degradation is confirmed using FT-IR analysis that show the AgNPs break down the N=N bond of MO and dispersed it. The treated dye further evaluated its phyototoxicity against Oryza sativa and the results indicate that the treated dye has less toxicity than untreated

First report on distribution of heavy metals and proximate analysis in marine edible puffer fishes collected from Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, South India

In the present study, the heavy metal concentration in different organs (skin, tissue, liver, kidney, gill, intestine, and ovary) and muscle proximate composition were studied in marine edible puffer fishes Takifugu oblongus, Lagocephalus guentheri, Arothron hispidus, Chelonodon patoca and Arothron immaculatus collected from Mandapam fish landing centre, South east coast of India. Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb & Zn) were analyzed in different organs for the above mentioned species. The heavy metals concentration ranges in fish organs of all the five species were Cu (0.42 â6.31 mg/kg), Cd (0.01â0.79 mg/kg), Pb (5.80â19.87 mg/kg), and Zn (6.75â65.08 mg/kg). Zn was detected higher in all the samples followed by Pb, Cu and Cd. The proximate composition was determined in edible muscle tissues of all the five species. The highest and lowest protein contents were observed in T. oblongus (20.6 ± 0.6%) and C. patoca (17.9 ± 0.3%). In the present study, heavy metal concentrations were found very high in all the internal organs when compared to muscle tissues. Further, this is the first report on distribution of heavy metals and proximate compositions of commercialized important edible puffer fishes from Mandapam coast of Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India. Keywords: Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae, Edible puffer fishes, Heavy metals and proximate analysi

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Not AvailableA feeding experiment (60 days) was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bacillus spp. fermented plant protein mix in Penaeus monodon. A control diet (CNT) contains 25% fishmeal, of which 50% was substituted (w/w) with Bacillus spp. fermented plant protein mix at two different concentrations of 0.25 and 0.50% (PP-0.25 and PP-0.50, respectively), while the diet prepared with untreated ingredients served as a negative control (PP-0). The daily growth coefficient (DGC) did not differ in the groups fed CNT, PP-0.25, and PP-0.50 diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was low in the CNT and PP-0.50 diets, while protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent protein utilization (APU) were high in the PP-0.50-fed group. The dietary change did not affect survival and whole-body composition, while free amino acids varied among the treatments. Increased nitrogen intake and oxygen consumption were observed in subadults fed with CNT diet. Increasing Bacillus spp. concentrations significantly lowered ammonia-N excretion by 2.09-11.69%. Regression analysis revealed higher coefficients for oxygen consumption (R2 = 0:8625) and O : N ratio (R2 = 0:7791), while it was 0.5894 for ammonia-N excretion. The dietary change significantly influenced hemolymph indices and chitinase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and arginase activity. Results conclude that Bacillus spp. fermented plant protein mix could be a viable fishmeal substitute in shrimp feed.Not Availabl